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History of Education in the Philippines - Coggle Diagram
History of Education in the Philippines
Pre-colonial Period :check:
In most communities, stories, songs, poetry, dances, medicinal practices and advice regarding all sorts of community life issues were passed from generation to generation mostly through oral tradition. :check:
Spanish period :red_cross:
Upon learning the local languages and writing systems, they began teaching Christianity, the Spanish language, and Spanish culture. :red_cross:
The church and the school cooperated to ensure that Christian villages had schools for students to attend. These religious orders opened the first schools and universities as early as the 16th century. :red_cross:
Formal education was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards, which was conducted mostly by religious orders. :red_cross:
The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government, and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits. :red_cross:
First Republic :no_entry:
Article 23 of the Malolos Constitution mandated that public education would be free and obligatory in all schools of the nation under the First Philippine Republic. :no_entry:
The defeat of Spain following the Spanish-American War led to the short-lived Philippine Independence movement, which established the insurgent First Philippine Republic. :no_entry:
American period :forbidden:
About a year after having secured Manila, the Americans were keen to open up seven schools with army servicemen teaching with army command-selected books and supplies. :forbidden:
As a result, the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring more than 1,000 teachers from the United States, who were called the Thomasites, to the Philippines between 1901 and 1902. :forbidden:
This proved to be beneficial for both the employer and the employee; the investment in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than those employees with just primary educational attainment. :forbidden:
In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created and the curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for professional white collar or skilled blue collar work. :forbidden:
Third Republic :warning:
During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools. :warning:
In 1947, after the United States relinquished all its authority over the Philippines, President Manuel Roxas issued Executive Order No. :warning:
Fourth Republic :recycle:
In 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture (DECS) under Proclamation 1081, which was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.On September 24, 1972, by Presidential Decree No. :recycle:
Section 29 of the act sought to upgrade educational institutions' standards to achieve "quality education" through voluntary accreditation for schools, colleges, and universities. :recycle:
Fifth Republic :<3:
Section 2(2), Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution made elementary school compulsory for all children.In 1987, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports became again the DECS under Executive Order No. :<3:
On August 25, 1994, the Congress passed Republic Act 7796 or the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 199, creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), which absorbed the Bureau of Technical-Vocational Education as well as the National Manpower and Youth Council, and began to supervise non-degree technical-vocational programs. :<3:
In January 2009, the Department of Education signed a memorandum of agreement with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to seal $86 million assistance to Philippine education, particularly the access to quality education in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and the Western and Central Mindanao regions. :<3:
On May 18, 1994, the Congress passed Republic Act 7722 or the Higher Education Act of 1994, creating the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), which assumed the functions of the Bureau of Higher Education and supervised tertiary degree programs. :<3:
Recent years :red_flag:
After further consultations and studies, the government under President Aquino formally adopted the K-6-4-2 basic education system--one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school education and two years of senior high school education. :red_flag:
In 2010, then-Senator Benigno Aquino III expressed his desire to implement the K-12 basic education cycle to increase the number of years of compulsory education to thirteen years :red_flag:
Kindergarten was formally made compulsory by virtue of the Kindergarten Education Act of 2012, while the further twelve years were officially put into law by virtue of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. :red_flag:
After completing their secondary education, students may progress to a technical education and skills development to earn a certificate or a diploma within one to three years, depending on the skill. :red_flag:
Although public preschool, elementary and high school education are provided free, only primary education is stipulated as compulsory according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution. :red_flag:
The former system of basic education in the Philippines consists of one-year preschool education, six-year elementary education and four-year high school education. : :red_flag: