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Pathophysiology of elimination - Coggle Diagram
Pathophysiology of elimination
Urinary dysfunction alterations
Motility
Disease process
Casts may form because of factors favoring precipitation, precipitation of urinary fluid components contribute to the blockage renal structures promoting growth of bacteria.
Causes
-Promotion of stasis of filtrate in the renal tubules
Treatment
-Bladder training
Neuromuscular Function
Cause
Impairment in neurotransmitter production and availability.
Disease process
Failure to provide an appropriate stimulus from generation of an action potential to transduction of the nerve impulse, will result in limited or absence of urine elimination.
Treatment
-Regulation of urine balance
Patency
Cause
Precipitations of substances in the smaller lumen structures
Disease process
When signals or the tonic contractions of the smooth muscle of the urethra weaken, there is no control of the internal urethral sphincter causing leakage of urine.
Treatment
-Combination of a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor and an alpha-blocker
Perfusion
Treatment
-Regulation of fluid balance
Disease process
Decreased O2 delivery by the arterial blood supply may result in damage to renal structures, decreased perfusion leads to impaired oxygenation of tissues due to excessive constriction of arterioles or inadequate vascular volume.
Cause
-Obstruction of the branches of venous system
-Inadequate arterial blood supply
Bowel dysfunction alterations
Motility
Disease process
Composition of bacterial intestinal flora either promotes motility (an excessive number of high amplitude propagating contractions that does not allow enough time for water to be reabsorbed) or inhibits motility (decreasing the number of high amplitude propagating contractions).
Treatment
-Antidiarrheal drugs
-Exercise
Cause
-Potential stressors
-Certain foods
Neuromuscular Function
Cause
-Alteration in neural signal transduction
-Alteration in muscle responsiveness
Treatment
-Active movements (walking, swimming)
-Adequate fluid intake
Disease process
Emotional stress process- during anxiety hormones are released which raises the amount of serotonin in the gut, causing muscle spasm to occur in one area of the colon and halting digestion.
Patency
Cause
-Space occupying lesions (tumors, polyps, impacted feces)
-Gas accumulation, bowel obstruction
Disease process
Space occupying lesions block the intestinal lumen and impairs capacity for venous return, the development of edema in the intestines reduces the absorption capacity. Edema will promote continued fluid and gas accumulation increasing the chances of fluid going through the peritoneum developing sepsis.
Treatment
-Surgical treatment for removal
Perfusion
Disease process
Inadequate cardiac output denies perfusion to cells and tissues of the lower intestines. Blood is redistributed away from the digestive system, excessive perfusion demands.
Treatment
-Surgical removal
Cause
From either focal or global etiologies, obstructed flow from clot or pressure from a space-occupying mass.