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Transport in Animals - Coggle Diagram
Transport in Animals
heart
made of cardiac muscle
septum- prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
pumps blood around the body
Valves
Atrioventricular
tricuspid
bicuspid/ mitral
Semilunar
aortic
pulmonary artery
check heart rate
pulse rate
Electrocadiograph
hear the valves closing
BLOOD
plasma
pale yellowish, transports, 55%of blood
white blood cells
large with nucleus, fight pathogens, lymphocytes and phagocytes
red blood cells
small, biconcave, no nucleus, haemoglobin, transport 02
platelets
small cell fragments, helps in blood clotting
Lymph and tissue fluid
TISSUE FLUID-surrounds all the cells and is formed form leaked plasma , acts as a passage between capillaries and cells and provides a constant temp and osmotic conditions
LYMPH- the fluid found inside the lymphatic vessels made from tissue fluid
LYMPH NODES- have WBCs to fight pathogens
plasma (capillaries) to cells, forms tissue fluid, collects waste, enters lymphatic capillaries, becomes lymph, enters lymphatic vessels, goes through lymph nodes where it is filtered, goes through subclavian vein and into the heart
Advantages of double circulatory system
The pressure is constantly raised
Blood travels faster
The delivery is more effective as some metabolically active tissues need oxygen faster
CHD
Factors that increase the risk
smoking
diet
obesity
stress
genes
age
gender
no exercise
Preventing
quit smoking
balanced diet
regular exercise
healthy mind
unsaturated fats
daily checkups
avoid alcohol
statin
Treating
drugs
coronary bypass operation
stent
angioplasty
heart transplant
Phases
diastole
atrial systole
ventricular systole
Blood vessels
ARTERIES
carry blood away from heart
carry oxygenated blood(except pulmonary)
narrow lumen, more muscle, elastic layer
CAPILLARIES
thin, single one-cell layer
deliver oxygenated blood with nutrients to all cells and may collect waste
VEINS
carry blood to the heart
carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
wider lumen, less muscle
Blood functions
Protective (WBCs)
Transport ( O2, CO2, urea, hormones, food material, heat, plasma protein)
Regulatory (homeostasis)
Blood clotting
Platelets activated, stick together and to surface, also release chemicals and so does the damaged tissue, chemicals set off a chain reaction, soluble fibrinogen in plasma becomes fibrin (insoluble), forms a mesh and RBCs and platelets get trapped
Main tronsport system is Circulatory system
blood vessels- network of tubes
double circulatory system- the blood passes through the heart twice on one complete circuit
Vein- blood being carried to the heart
Artery- blood being carried from the heart
Mammals have two systems: pulmonary and systematic
pacemaker- a patch in the. right atrium that sends electric signals to contract the heart