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Indirect Damage: Viruses: Infections and Inflammation: Neuropathology -…
Indirect Damage: Viruses: Infections and Inflammation: Neuropathology
initiation of an immune mediated response
agents
caprine arthritis encephalitis
effects all ages of goats
particularly severe encephalitis form in young goats
lentivirus
gross lesions rare
histopath
leukoencephalomyelitis
massive infiltration lymphs, macros
granulomatous
gitter cells
begin to replace white matter
leads to myelinoclastic process
massive demyelination
usually begining in subependymal and subpial white matte
primary demyelination
slowly debilitating
morph diagnosis
leukoencephalmyelitis
lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic
multifocal
chronic
marked with marked demyelination
immunopathogenic mechanisms
persistent infection of
monocytes
macorphages
microglia
demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis
extensive demyelinating
spares neurons
pathogensis
productive infection of microglia
altered cytokine profile and release
T-lymph recruitment
large # antiviral Abs
molecular mimicry
virus shares epitopes with neural tissue
neural tissue attacked by immune system along with virus
breakdown of BBB
induction of vascular lesions
vascular lesions result in
CNS edema
hemorrhage
thrombosis
infarction
multiple tissues affected
possibilites
viral infection may..
affect systemic vasculature
equine arteritis virus
center on CNS vasculature
neurotropic equine herpesvirus-1
equine herpesvirus myeloencephalitis
histology
IHC confirmed
:no_entry: intranuclear inclusion bodies
cerebrospinal ganglia involvement
characteristics
yellow CSF
ischemia
affects longest fiber tracts the worst
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Wallerian degenration
hemorrhage
lysed endothelial cells + immune complex formation
lesions
favorite spots
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may occur anywhere in CNS
encephalitogenic variants
lytic
tropism for endothelial cells of vessels around CNS white matter
or be immune mediated
malignant catarrhal fever
feline infectious peritonitis
multisystemic necrotizing vascular disease
CNS vasculature affected in 40% of cases
CNS symptoms in 25%
affected vessels
choroid plexus
meninges
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beige nodules
ventolateral aspect of the cerebrum
ependyma
gel-like fibrinous exudate in the CSF
cause combo of endothelial damage and neural infection
hematogenous
examples
Hendra
Nipah virus
West Nile
lyse
equine herpesvirus-1
microscopic features
non-supprative meningeal/parenchymal perivascular infilrates
i.e. non-suppurative meningoencephalitis
lymphocytes
plasma cells
necrosis of specific cell types
viral inclusion bodies
mononuclear perivascular cuffing
neuronal degeneration and necrosis
satellitosis
neuronophagia
