Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 5: The Self Important Vocab - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: The Self Important Vocab
Views of the self
Self-concept: overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal attributes, can measure development of this through questions posed to young children and adults
Independent view of self: defining self in terms of own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions (not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others)
(typically Western societies)
Interdependent view of the self: define self in terms of one’s relationships to other people and recognizing that one’s behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others
(typically Eastern societies)
Functions of the Self
Self-knowledge: way we understand who we are and formulate/organize info
Self-control: way we make plans and execute decision
Impression management: way we present ourselves to other people and get them to see us the way we want them to be seen
Self-esteem: way in which we try to maintain positive view of self
Theories
Introspection: looking inward to examine “inside information” that we have about thoughts, feelings, and motives
Self-awareness theory: when focused on self, evaluate and compare current behavior to internal standards and values
Casual theories: people have theories about what influences their feelings and behavior, use those to help explain why they feel the way they do
Self-perception theory: argues when attitudes and feelings are uncertain/ambiguous, infer states by observing behavior and situation which it occurs
Motivations and Attributions
Misattribution of arousal: people make mistaken inferences about what causes them to feel the way they do
Positive reinforcement: giving reward each time behavior occurs increase frequency of that behavior
Intrinsic motivation: desire to engage in activity because they enjoy it/find it interesting, not because of external rewards/pressures
Extrinsic motivation: people’s desire to engage in activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because they enjoy the task
Taskcontingent rewards: people rewarded simply for doing a task, regardless of quality of performance
Performance-contingent rewards: reward depends on how well people perform task
Mindsets
Fixed mindset: idea that we have set amount of ability that cannot change
Growth mindset: belief that achievement is result of hard work, trying new strategies, seeking input from others
Social comparison theory: people learn about abilities and attitudes of self by comparing self to others and revolves around 2 questions
Upward social comparison: comparing self to people better than you in trait or ability
Downward social comparison: comparing self to people worse than you in trait/ability
Social tuning: process whereby people adopt another person’s attitudes
Social Control
Self-control: ability to subdue immediate desires
Implementation intentions: make specific plans about where, when, and how to fulfill a goal and avoid temptations
Impression management: attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen
Ingratiation: using flattery or praise to make yourself likable to another, often person of higher status
Self-handicapping: people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly, they can avoid blaming themselves