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Describing Ionic Bonds
Learning Objectives
Define ionic bond
Use Lewis symbols to represent ionic bond formation
Describe the energetics of ionic bonding
Explain the Lewis electron-dot symbol of an atom
Polar Covalent Bonds; Electronegativity
Learning Objectives
Define polar covalent bond
Define electronegativity
State the general periodic trends in electronegativity
Use electronegativity to obtain relative bond polarity
Describing Covalent Bonds
Learning Objectives
Describe the formation of a covalent bond between two atoms
Define bonding pair and lone (nonbonding) pair of electrons
Define Lewis electron-dot formula
Define coordinate covalent bond
State the octet rule
Define single, double, and triple bond
Ionic Radii
Learning Objectives
Define ionic radius
Define isoelectronic ions
Use periodic trends to obtain relative ionic radii
Electron Configurations of Ions
Learning Objectives
Note the formation of 2+ and 3+ transition-metal ions
Write the electron configurations of transition-metal ions
State the three categories of monatomic ions of main-group elements
Write the electron configuration and Lewis symbol for a main-group ion
Writing Lewis Electron-Dot Formulas
Learning Objectives
Write Lewis formulas with single bonds only
Write Lewis formulas having multiple bonds
Write Lewis formulas for ionic species
Delocalized Bonding: Resonance
Learning Objectives
Define localized bonding
Define resonance description
Write resonance formulas
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Learning Objectives
Write Lewis formulas (exceptions to the octet rule)
Note exceptions to the octet rule in Group 2A and Group 3A elements
Formal Charge and Lewis Formulas
Learning Objectives
State the rules for obtaining the formal charge
Define formal charge
State two rules useful in writing Lewis formulas
Use formal charges to determine the best Lewis formula
Bond Length and Bond Order
Learning Objectives
Define bond length (bond distance)
Define covalent radii
Define bond order
Explain how bond order and bond length are related
Bond Energy
Learning Objectives
Define bond energy
Estimate DH from bond energies
