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Theme 6
Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Changes in Religious Beliefs and…
Theme 6
Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts
(c 8th - 18th centuries)
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6. Growth of Sufism
There were some group od people who questioned the islamic traditions and highlighted dogmatic definitions of the prophet's traditions.
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There were teachers who are called as "pirs" or "Shaik" who preach in different parts of the world. They enrolled "Murids" (desciples) and named "Khalifa" (followers)
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There were tombs ("Darghas") being built and people believed that the pir will get close attachment with god after death (Called as "Wali"). Hence people worshiped him.
There were other groups as well who differ from sufism and followed mendicancy and observed celebacy. (eg) Qalandars, Madaris etc.
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Sufi's were respected by people and also the rulers because they do not ask for high donations and they do not have any link with the ruling power.
Eventhough the sufis get any donation, mostly they spent on immediate needs.
There were instances when even the Delhi sulatanetes seeked advice from sufis rather than the jurists based in Sharia.
7. Chisthi Kanqahs
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Shaik Nizammudin Dargah in Ghiyaspur near Delhi, on Yamuna bank. => People took refugee here during Mongol invasion.
Khwaja Muinuddin's kanqah was very famous => Akbar visited 14 times. => in between trade route of Agra and Delhi.
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"Ziyarat" => pilgrimage to tombs, "Qawwali" => Music played during pilgrimage for devotional ecstacy.
Chistis used mostly local languages in the "Samas'" => Recites. This is evident in Chittur, Bijapur-KA (where ppl were already familiar with Lingayat vachanas), etc.
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