COVID-19 Outbreak Management Framework

Pandemic - worldwide spread of a new disease

Step 1 - Preparation

Surveillance/Notification

Step 3 - outbreak investigation

Outbreak response

outbreak control

outbreak communication

outbreak documentation

Communicable disease - disease that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect

First case in Malaysia - 25 Jan 2020

Outcome

Reduction in active Covid-19 cases evident since 5 April (more infected individuals recovering than new Covid-19 cases)

businesses allowed to resume operation - manufacturers of packaging and printing materials, hardware stores, laundries, barbers, and optometrists, with conditions applied

easing gradient of the cumulative Covid-19 cases in Malaysia

decrease of daily new Covid-19 cases after 14 April

National Security Council( NSC) activated via the NSC (Act 776)

Step 2: Establish existence of outbreak

  1. MCO (limit movement of individuals and to reduce chances of contact within the community)

  1. EMCO (specific identified high-risk areas)

  1. Screening approach

  1. Case containment (admit all symptomatic and asymptomatic positive COVID-19 patients to hospitals regardless of citizenship and free of charge)

Step 3: Verify diagnosis

Step 4: Epidemiology analysis

Analytical epidemiology

Descriptive epidemiology

Case definition

Create a line listing

Epidemic curve

Cohort studies

Case control studies

mask & physical distancing

Avoidance

Definition - Surveillance is defined as systemic collection, analysia, interpretation of health data and timely dissemination of health data to policy makers and others

Importance

To monitor changes/trend in health factors, recognizing COVID-19 as an emerging disease

To detect COVID-19 as zoonotic diseases with initial transmission of the virus to humans happened through another animal species

To provide health information to design effective and rational intervention programs

surveillance by MOH

MOH conducts analysis of passive surveillance including receiving notifications at National CPRC MOH for cases detected from PUI from MOH and private healthcare facilities

The type of surveillance done by MOH is Clinical Based Surveillance including both national (syndromic) and sentinel surveillance by detection and sampling of Influenza Like Illness (ILI) patients in sentinel locations (MOH health clinics) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) patients in all MOH hospitals

Direct contact

Slow increase

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One peak

Have incubation period

Slow decrease

Step 5: Implementing control and prevention measure

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Step 6: Communicate findings