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Southeast Asia in World History, Major Concepts of South East Asian…
Southeast Asia in World History
Major Concepts of South East Asian History
Borrowing and Adaptation I
Early inhabitants developed agriculture and metalworking: Rice was domesticated in the region around 5000-6000 years ago.
Despite borrowing so much, they were able to keep their individuality, for example in many Southeast Asian cultures, women held high social status
Potentially pioneered cultivating banans, yam, taro,
Potentially first domesticated chickens, pigs, and cattle.
Migration and Mixing
Ancestors migrated from Tibet and China.
Indonesians were seafaring traders several centuries before the Common Era
They were first to establish trade between China and India.
Carried Southeast Asian foods(bananas) and musical instruments to East Africa, which were adopted by the natives.
Chronic migration and mixing of people
Borrowing and Adaptation II
China and India started exercising stronger control.
China colonized Vietnam in 2nd century BC
Indian traders and priests started regularly traveling through the maritime routes.
Process of "Indianization" started where Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism spread
The great classical states rose near the end of the first millennium CE.
Cambodia
Burma
Indonesian islands of Java
Sumatra
VIetnam(shook off 1000 year colonization by China)
Religion and Maritime Trade
The Coastal States thrived from maritime commerce, especially in the 14th century, when Southeast Asia became the center of naval trade.
Theravada Buddhism became dominant religion of mainland societies (except for Vietnam) by the 1300s.
Sumi Islam spread throughout the Malay peninsula and Indonesian archipelago.
The Expansion of Dar al-Islam
By the 14th century, Muslim merchants from Arab and India were spreading Islam along the Indian Ocean.
Islam spread simultaneously all throughout the region, creating an "Abode of Islam" or Dar al-Islam.
The rise of Islam coincided with the rise of Melaka, a great port on the southwest coast of Malaya.
Became the crossroads of asian commerce
Became the region's economic and political power.
15,000 merchants and more ships than any other port in the world.
Was an important way station for the Chinese voyages of Admiral Zheng He.
Western Colonialism and the Global System.
The Region became dominated by the West, except for Siam.
Many European colonies.
They became integrated into the Global System. They traded with Spanish America, and Europe.
The speedy integration into the world economy had reduced the region's autonomy and traditional patterns.
The West was exploiting the wealth of the area.
Eventually, Southeast Asia resurged and the countries refound their independance.
Southeast Asian Downfall
Marco Polo passed through in 1292, his writings praised the wealth and sophistication of Indochina, Java, and Sumatra.
Portuguese explorers with superior military tech, missionary zeal, and appetite for wealth, but also a standard of living similar to that of the Southeast Asians came searching for "Christians and spices."
Portuguese conquered Melaka in 1511. This was the start of European conquest. The Portuguese were followed by the Spanish, the Dutch, the English, the French, and the Americans.E
Eventually was dominated by the West.
Southeast Asia often ignored in World History textbooks.
There is a felling of apathy for the "barbaric tribes"