A period of transition
RENAISSANCE
Causes
Fall of constantinople
Rise of new nobilty
discovery of new routes
REFORMATION
Crusades
Invention of Printing press
Lost classics refound
Consequences
Local languages flourished
Spread of knowledge
Greaco-Roman style of architecture
Scientific discoveries
Easier trading and navigation
Rise of gunpowder
Sea route to Asia
Features
Humanism
Scientific spirit
Spirit of inquiry
Realism
Rationalism
Printing press
Change something in order to improve it
Led by Martin Luther
German Priest
95 thesis
Translated bible to german
Other leaders
John Calvin-France
King Henry VI-England
Ulrich Zwingli-Switzerland
John Wycliff-England
Jan hus-France
Causes
Rebirth
Church was corrupt
Misuse of power
Influence of Renaissance
Bible could only be read by preists and clergy
Consequences
Church divided into protestants and Catholic
Bible translated into multiple languages
Promoted Humanism
Counter reformation
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
IMPERIALISM
Counter Reformation
Priest lived moral life
Rituals became free
No indulgences
Many educational institutions
Causes
Multiple inventions
Colonies such as India and Africa for raw materials
Surplus labour (Colonies)
Agricultural revolution
Multiple investors
supply of iron and coal
Stable government
Safe from foreign attack
Enclosures act
Consequances
positive
More accessible and affordable goods
multiple inventions
Evolution in medicines
Enhancesd wealth
Women began working in factories
Riseof specialist profession
Negative
Child labour
Pollution
Overcrowding of cities
Men would get twice the salary of women
Hazardous working conditions
Began in Britain
Popularised by Arnold Toynbee
Causes
raw materials
More labour
Race to colonise
New markets to sell products
Pressure from Church to spread Christianity
Consequences
Spread of European ideas
Idea of a democracy
Europe before Renaissance
Absolute monarchy
Rigid society
Church extremely powerful
Bubonic plague
The concept of a nation was introduced
Types
Colony
One country directly ruled by another
Protectorate
The protectorate (country being protected) has no say in its foreign policies and little say over internal affairs
Sphere of influence
Some aspects of a country are decided by another more powerful country. Especially trading rights
A situation in which one country has a lot of power or influence over others,
especially in political and economic matters
A very important change in the way that people do things
revival of art