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Equine CNS viruses - Coggle Diagram

- - - - ability to lie dormant
      - reactivation
        
        restore ability to make virions
        
        caused by
        
        stress
        
        immunosuppression
        
        corticosteroids
        
        cAMP
      - recrudescence
        
        appearance of disease
        
        clinical signs
    - - need to type this up somewhere on here
  - - - pathogenesis
        
        respiratory epithelium
        
        lamina propria and trigeminal ganglion
        
        to draining LNs
        
        24-48h
        
        4.viremic circulation
        
        leukocyte associated
        
        dissemination of infection
        
        latency
        
        equine herpes myeloencephalopathy
        
        sudden and rapid
        
        4-10d after resp infection
        
        caused by encephalitic strains
      - cannot use plasma/serum for diagnosis
      - highly cell associated
      - diagnosis
        
        PCR
        
        nasal secretion
        
        blood
        
        CSF
        
        elevated protein
        
        PCR
        
        paired serology
        
        serum neuralization test
        
        ELISA
      - control
  - - - surface glycoproteins
    - - immune recognition
      - cell attachment
    - - ether
      - chloroform
- - - - lipid bilayer
    - - equine encephalitises/"sleeping sickness"
        
        WEE
        
        case fatality rate (CFR) 50-90%
        
        EEE
        
        VEE
        
        rodent resevoir
        
        viremic phase in horses
        
        rare - SE US affected
        
        zoonotic
        
        transmissoin
        
        slyvatic cycle
        
        resevoir: Culex tarsalis
        
        bridge vectors
        
        dead end hosts
        
        horses
        
        people
        
        virus dies in host, can't be transferred out by new biting mosquitoes
        
        ornithophilic vectors
        
        pecking
        
        summer disease
        
        pathogenesis
        
        viral replication occurs in CNS
        
        replication in brain and spinal cord
        
        results
        
        necrosis
        
        neurophagia
        
        mononuclear perivasculitis
        
        viremia
        
        do not stay or reenter bloodstream after replication
        
        EE
        
        WE
        
        VEE is viremic
        
        diagnosis
        
        viral detection
        
        viral isolation
        
        don't freeze
        
        PCR
        
        CSF
        
        breain
        
        IHC
        
        Ab detection
        
        HI
        
        SN
        
        postmortem IgM ELISA
        
        not looking for virus, looking for host response
        
        control
        
        vaccination
        
        vaccine
        
        short lived
        
        weak
        
        possibly infectious
        
        colostral immunity paramount
        
        mosquito control
        
        surveillance
        
        remove standing water
  - - - passive diffusion through endothelium
      - replication in vascular endothelial cells
      - CSF infetion of choroid plexus and ependyma
      - virus carriage in lymphocytes and monocytes
  - - - probably won't recover at this point
- - - - mosquito vector
      - bird reservoir
    - - birds
      - horses
        
        pathogenesis
        
        2-4d viremia before localizing in reticuloendothelial system
        
        secondary viremia may occur
        
        crosses BBB and infects neural tissue
        
        pervascular cuffinf
        
        neuronal necrosis
        
        signs
        
        incoordination
        
        weakness
        
        facial mm fasculation
        
        knuckling
        
        recumbency
        
        most likely won't recover
        
        changes in mentation
        
        intermittent somnolence
        
        propulsive walking
        
        seizures
        
        ataxia
      - humans
    - - supportive care
    - - Abs
        
        blood
        
        CSF
        
        rapid increased in virus-specific IgM
      - IgM ELISA
      - postmortem
        
        virus isolation
        
        Ag capture ELISA
        
        PCR
    - - vaccination
        
        initial vaccine + 3-6w booster
        
        yearly booster 3-4w before mosquito season
        
        revaccinate every 4-6mo during outbreak