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GI Pathology: Intestines - Diarrhea and Viral Enteritis - Coggle Diagram
GI Pathology: Intestines - Diarrhea and Viral Enteritis
FPV parvovirus
canine parvovirus
mutated feline virus
feline panleukopenia
mechanism
fecal-oral
replicate in oral lymphoid tissue
tropism for mitotically active cells
SI crypt cells
affects architecture of entire villus
mucosal barrier destroyed
secondary bacterial infection risk
LNs
myeloid stem cells
viremia 2-7d
can cause false negatives
bacterial enteric disease
E.coli
enterotoxigenic colibacillosis
mechanism
adhere to enterocyte surfaces via pili
produce heat labile and heat stable toxins
promote secretory activity
lose water, Na, Cl
decreased fluid absorption
dehydration
acidosis
no obvious change in morphology of villi
bacterial colonies on top
enteropathogenic colibacillosis
mechanism
inject intimin
pedestal formation
subvert host cell signaling
destructive
enterotoxemic colibacillosis
swine edema disease
piglets 6-14w
mechanism
heat labile enterotoxin
widespread systemic vascular endothelial injury
salmonella
flagellated
pilar adhesins (fimbriae
toxins
encourage secretion of electrolytes, fluid
vascular degenration and thrombosis
lipopolysaccharide
released when killed in phagocytes
types
causes...
direct necrosis
erythmea
edema
salmonellosis
leads to...
DIC
hypotension
cardiovascular shock
hemorrhage
fibronecrotic membranes in LI, SI, cecum
found in
liver
spleen
LN
gall blader
intraphagocyte survival using lysosomes
all species potentially pathogenic
fecal-oral
mechanisms
mediate endocytosis/transcytosis into intestinal cells by membrane-bound vesicle
deposit into lamin propria
enter blood
proliferate in macrophages
Clostridium perfingens
type C
neonates
foals
pigs
calves
lambs
produce alpha and beta toxins
necrosis
hemorrhage
severe acute diffuse necrotizing and hemorrhagic enteritis
type D
alpha toxins
affects lambs 2-12mo
diet-related
enterotoxemia of fattening
overeating grain and/or highy nutritious pasture
overgrowth of
Clostridia
epsilon toxin
angiotoxin
causes...
endothelial damage
"pulpy kidney disease"
intestinal hyperemia
hemorrhage
epicardial
thymic
pericardial effusion
fibrinous pericarditis
focal symmetric encephalomacia
enterotoxemic
aka clostridial enteritis
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Johne's disease
hyperproteinemia (protein losing enteropathy)
affects
cattle
affected early in life
clinical signs
diarrhea
emaciation
hypoproteinemia
sheep
goats
gross
thickened mucosal fold
enlarged mesenteric and ileocecal LN
histo
macrophages with acid fast bacilli
Rhodococcus equi
enterocolitis
facultative anaerobic gram - rod
fecal oral
mechanism
attach and invade M cells
proliferate in GLAr and mes. LNs
parasitism
Coccidiosis
Eimeria
Isospora
mostly invade villus and crypt epithelium
young growing animals
poor sanitation
signs
acute hemorrhage
proliferative chronic disease
Crytosporidiosis
intracellular
extracytoplasmic
common in calves
intractable diarrhea
attach to apex of enterocytes throughout GI
signs
lyphoplasmacytic infiltrate
crypt necrosis
villous atrophy
villous fusion
vascular abnormalities
obstruction
ischemia
5-10m
epithelial separation
1-3h
denuded villi
disintegrated mesenchymal core
2-4h
damage and death of intestinal crypt epithelial cells
4-5h
necrotic mucosa
6h + damaged muscularis
infarction
congestion, hemorrhage
equine verminous arteritis
caused by 4th stage
strongylus vulgaris
chronic arteritis
chronic hrombosis
cran. mes. artery origin
ischemia and infarction of LI
lymphangiectasia
acquired
inflammation
neoplasm
IBD
breed assocaited
yorkie
wheaton terrier
congenital
signs in hearly life
malformed lymphatic vessels
diarrhea
steeatorrhea
hypoproteinemia
lymphopenia
histo
distended lacteals in lamina propria, submuc, mm
foci of granulomatous inflammation around lymph vessels
miscellaneous
equine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Potomac horse fever
older horses
summer
histo
surface epithelium loss
decreased mucosal thickness
pseudomemrane
macrophagic inflammation
salmon poisoning
dogs, foxes
acute and fatal
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
signs
fever
depressed
diarrhea
emesis
anorexia
canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis
boxers, bulldogs
signs
lymphadenopathy
diarrhea
hypopoteinemia
thick colonic mucosa
granulomatous colitis
idiopathic
hemorrhagic bowel syndrome
focal bleeding in intestine
healthy dairy cows
neoplasms
adenomatous polyps
lymphoma
leiomyoma
lipoma
hemangioma
adenocarcinoma
species
dogs
cat
sheep
cattle-rare
swine - rare
annular thickenings in wall with stenosis of intestinal lumen
signs
SI diarrhea
rectum diarrhea
tenesmus
hematochezia