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UNIT TWO: ancient civilizations images (42) - Coggle Diagram
UNIT TWO: ancient civilizations 
MESOPOTAMIA
location: The location of ancient mesopotamia is within the borders of modern-day iraq near the Persian Gulf. The ancient civilization also goes into Turkey, Syria, and Southwestern Iran. (steele 6) Mesopotamia is home to one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (sit.google.com/a/asu/edu/6th-grade-social-studies/basic-facts/mesopotamia)
Religion: Mesopotamians believed in many gods and goddesses. They also believed in spirits, ghosts, and demons ( steele p.14)
The people of Mesopotamia were very religious and had a god for everything. The top 10 ancient Mesopotamian gods were; Adad or Hadad, Dagan or Dagon, Ea or Eriki, Nabu, Nergal, Enlil, Ninurta, Nanna, Shamash, and Gibil.
(ancienthistorylists.com/mesopotamia-history/top-10-ancient-mesopotamian-gods/)
Government: Mesopotamia was ruled by KIngs. Each king ruled a single city and designed the rules and systems that they thought would be best for their people.(sites.google.com/a/asu.edu/6th-grade-social-studies/basic-fatcs/mesopotamia)
King Hammurabi ruled Babylon from 1792-1750 BCE. He was known for his 282 laws that were written on a big pillar in stone for everyone to see.
(Steele p30)
The government had social structure as well. The most important people were the KIngs, Priest, and government officials. The middle class consisted of merchants, farmers, fisherman, and artisans. The lower class was made up of slaves. (site.google.com/a/asu.edu/6th-grade-social-studies/basic-facts/mesopotamia )
Writing: Mesopotamia was the birthplace of writing. (steele p.6) The Sumerians created the world's first writing system, they used picture symbols to write. They had about 700 different symbols or pictographs. (steele p.12)
Over time the writing changed.The simple writing started to become very detailed. Eventually different symbols started to stand for different sounds.
Art : The people of Mesopotamians earliest villages made clay figures that were made of Terracotta (steele p6)
Mesopotamians created beautiful jewelry that's designs resembles natural and geometric shapes. They also used metal working techniques to make amazing pieces.(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/art_of_mesopotamian#jewellery)
During the Assyrian period ivory carvings were a big part of art. Elephant tusks were often imported and ivory workers included gemstones, or staining in their ivory artwork (steele p 29)
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Architecture:In Mesopotamia there were different types of houses, the reed house and the model house. Model houses were made of clay and used in city life, they were also made as offerings to the gods. Reed houses were long barrel roofed houses that were built in the wetlands. Ziggurats were also built, they were massive terrace platforms made of brick. They also had small temples on top of them that could be reached by long stairways.(Steele p16,19,24)
ANCIENT EGYPT
Art: Ancient Egyptians art was always created for a reason. Statues held the spirit of the god or the dead, charms protected people from harm, they made bowls and combs from ceramic. They also made tomb paintings and figurines.
(ancient.au/egyptian-art)
They also made jewelry that they made from melting down metal. They had many beautiful pieces during the ancient egyptian times.
(Hart p.57)
Government: The government of ancient egypt was ruled by a king. The kings ruled by the rules of the gods. King Narmer was one of the kings.ancient.eu/egyptian-government)
The king was the most powerful and important man in Egypt. The king was known as a Pharaoh. Pepy II holds the record for being the longest king in egypt. He became king at the age of 6 and was still king at the age of 100. (Hart p.10)
Ancient Egyptian society was divided into social classes. The king was on the top with his visor and members of his court. The priest and scribes were under the king.. After the scribes was the governors and military generals. The artists and craftspeople were under the military. Lastly was the slaves at the bottom of the social system.
Location: Egypt is in North Africa located on the Mediterranean Sea and is home to one of the oldest civilizations on earth. (ancient.au/egypt)
They lived on banks of the NIle River. The land was called "Black land" because of the rich dark soil that farmers grew their crops on. (Hart p.8)
Writing: Ancient Egyptians wrote in hieroglyphs, which was a form of picture-writing. They had about 700 different signs. Scribes were the only egyptians that knew how to write in hieroglyphics.
Hieroglyphs were used on temples and tombs. Egyptians also used writing called hieratic, which was used for writing letters and stories. (Hart p.34)
religion: Ancient Egypt had mixed beliefs and practices which included mythology. The religion was thought to be magic.
(ancient.au/egyptian-religion)
Egyptians had hundreds of gods and goddesses that had animal features. Each town had their own god. The sun god was the most powerful god.
(Hart p.24)
Some of the gods that egyptians worshiped were: Isis, Osiris, Horus, Ptah, Anubis, and Thoth.
(ancient.au/article/885/egyptian-gods/)
Architecture: The ancient egyptians built pyramids that were made of mud brick. The first pyramid was built as a burial place. This pyramid was called the step Pyramid.
The largest of all the pyramids is the Great Pyramid at Giza, built for King Khufu in 2589 BCE. (Hart p.20)
Egyptians also made temples. Temples were created to tell stories that could live on forever.
Another thing egyptians built was the Djed Pillars.
( ancient.au/ egyptian-architecture)
ancient china
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writing: in the text it said and oracle bone was a bone the was scorched until it would crack. after scorching, the cracks were read and questions were answered by ancestors. after the questions were answered they carved the question were answered they carved in the ox shoulder bone or tortoiseshell (Cotterell 11)
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ancient india
writing, In the text it said That writing is one of the most confusing ancient civilization that cannot be translated. Over 400 symbols have been uncovered from many different places. Many of these symbols are written on seals, and ceramic pots, and many other things. ( Prentice Hall:World Studies)
architecture/ technology, The author wrote The people in the Indus Valley created well-planned cities. Manly the people during this time cared a lot about their hygiene, also their cities bear a resemblance to the importance of this idea. The new architecture and construction techniques of the Indus cities of the Indus cities are also shown with grand dockyards, warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls.( Prentice Hall: World Studies)
location, An example is that over time a vast number of civilizations were built along the Indus River. The Indus River covers a lot of South Asia including modern-day Pakistan, India and a bit of Afghanistan. The Indus River Valley was a place for good soil for agriculture. (Prentice Hall: World Studies)
government The author wrote one of the Ancient Aryan influenced on modern-day India. That person helped create of the cast system. The cast system is a group of four in witch people are born and cannot change.( Prentice Hall:World Studies)
religion In the text it said out of all we know about them came from sacred writing called the Vedas.The Vedas is a religious type of texts that explain a lot about them. Some of the text talk about some of the Aryans victories of the Aryans as they invaded India.(Prentice Hall: World Studies)