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dynasity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - • Son of Bhattiya.
      - • He ruled over Magadha from 544 BC to 493 BC.
      - • Contemporary and follower of the Buddha. Was also said to be an admirer of Mahavira.
      - • Had his capital at Girivraja (Rajgir).
      - • Also known as Sreniya.
      - • Was the first king to have a standing army.
      - • He had an effective and excellent administrative system. The officers occupying high posts were divided into three – executive, military and judicial.
    - - • Son of Bimbisara and Chellana.
      - • He killed his father and became ruler.
      - • Embraced Buddhism.
      - • He convened the First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha just after the death of Buddha in 483 BC.
        • Won wars against Kosala and Vaishali
    - - • Son of Ajatasatru.
      - • Shifted the capital to Pataliputra (Patna).
      - • Last of the major Haryanka rulers.
      - • Succeeded by three kings – Aniruddha, Manda and Nagadasaka.
    - - • Was the viceroy of Kasi before becoming king of Magadha.
      - • Capital was at Girivaraja.
      - • He annexed Avanti and brought an end to the long rivalry between Magadha and Avanti.
      - • Later shifted the capital to Vaishali.
      - Kalasoka
        
        • Son of Sisunaga.
        
        • Kalasoka shifted the capital to Pataliputra.
        
        • He conducted the Second Buddhist Council at Vaishali.
        
        • He was killed in a palace revolution that brought the Nanda dynasty to the throne.
        
        Nanda Dynasty
        
        This was the first non-Kshatriya dynasty. The first ruler was Mahapadma Nanda who usurped the throne of Kalasoka
        
        • He is called the “first historical emperor of India.”
        • He murdered Kalasoka to become the king
        
        • He is also called “Sarva Kashtriyantaka” (destroyer of all the kshatriyas) and “Ekrat”.
        
        Dhana Nanda
        
        • He was the last Nanda ruler.
        • He is referred to as Agrammes or Xandrames in Greek texts
        
        Causes for the rise of Magadha
        
        Geographical factors
        
        • Magadha was located on the upper and lower parts of the Gangetic valley.
        • It was located on the main land route between west and east India.
        
        • The area had fertile soil. It also received enough rainfall.
        • Magadha was encircled by rivers on three sides, the Ganga, Son and Champa making the region impregnable to enemies
        
        • Both Rajgir and Pataliputra were located in strategic positions.
        
        Economic factors
        
        • Magadha had huge copper and iron deposits.
        
        • Because of its location, it could easily control trade.
        
        • Had a large population which could be used for agriculture, mining, building cities and in the army.
        
        • General prosperity of the people and the rulers.
        
        • The mastery over Ganga meant economic hegemony. Ganga was important for trade in North India.
        
        • With the annexation of Anga by Bimbisara, river Champa was added to the Magadha Empire. Champa was important in the trade with South-East Asia, Sri Lanka and South India.
        
        Cultural factors
        
        • Magadhan society had an unorthodox character.
        
        • It had a good mix of Aryan and non-Aryan peoples.
        
        • Emergence of Jainism and Buddhism led to a revolution in terms of philosophy and thought. They enhanced liberal traditions.
        
        Political factors
        
        • Magadha was lucky to have many powerful and ambitious rulers.
        
        • They had strong standing armies.
        
        • Availability of iron enabled them to develop advanced weaponry.
        
        • They were also the first kings to use elephants in the army.
        
        • The major kings also developed a good administrative system.