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MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, Value addition in the textile industry - Coggle…

- - - - industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country
    - - it was aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas
    - - reduces the heavy dependance of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector
    - - export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange
    - - manufacturing industries helps in modernising agriculture which is the backbone of the country
- - - - 1.Industries provide employment oppportunities
        
        urban area provide: banking and financial advice, insurance, transport at low cost, labour and market
        
        many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES.
    - - After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows
      - Industries are located in or located in or near the cities
- - - - maximum investment is less than one crore
      - eg. handicraft, textile, food
    - - when the investment exceeds one crore
      - eg. iron and steel, Titan
  - - - 1.owned and operated by individuals. 2.profit max.
      - eg. TISCO, Bajaj Auto ltd., Dabur industries
    - - 1.jointly run by state and individuals 2.welfare + profit
      - eg. Oil India ltd. (OIL)
    - - 1.owned and operated by govt. 2.social welfare
      - eg. BHEL, SAIL etc.
    - - owned and operated by producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. 2.profit
      - eg. sugar industry in Maharashtra, Coir industry in Kerala
  - - - which supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods. 2.not directly consumed by the consumers
      - eg. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting
    - - use goods produced by basic industies to produce goods. 2.directly consumed by the consumers.
      - eg. sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machine, fans etc.
  - - - 1.whan the raw material is heavy and buky. 2.mostly these are located near the site of raw material to reduce transport cost
      - eg. iron and steel
    - - when the raw material is light. 2.these are located based on a no. of factors
      - eg. electrical goods industries
  - - - 1.industries which use agro-based raw materials. 2.location depends on many factors including raw material. 3.product cost is less
      - eg. cotton, sugar, jute, woollen etc.
    - - industries which use mineral based raw material. 2.location depends on nearness of raw materials. 3.product cost is more.
      - eg. iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals etc.
- - - - contributes significantly to industrial production
      - employment generation
      - foreign exchange earnings
      - contributes 4% to GDP
  - - - Raw material
        
        avaibility of raw cotton- cotton is cultivated on black soil. g-m are rich in this particular soil
      - Market
        
        availability of domestic as well as foreign market (near sea)
      - Transportation
        
        accessible port facilities, and easy transportation of raw material and finished product
      - Labor
        
        g-m provides cheap labor in abundance
      - Climate
        
        cotton textiles require moist climate which is available in g-m area due to nearness to the ocean
    - - (factors)
    - - traditional skills
        
        provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery etc.
      - labor
        
        availability of cheap labor in abundance
      - market
        
        huge market
      - power
        
        earlier they were located near coal mines, but production of electricity from new sources like nuclear, hydel has facilitated their location
      - transportation
        
        development in transportation has reduced their dependency on proximity to raw material areas
      - humidifiers
        
        the use of humidifiers in dry seasons has facilitated their establishment elsewhere
    - - handloom should be promoted
        
        promotes employment
        
        traditional designs
        
        more value in market (more profit)
      - mills shouldnt be promoted bc
        
        unemployment (machine made)
        
        limited designs
        
        less profit
    - - good quality long staple cotton is still imported
      - power supply is erratic
      - machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in particular
      - low output of labour
      - stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry
      - catered to the local market
      - production is in fragmented small units
  - - - proximity of the jute producing areas
      - inexpensive water transport
      - supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills
      - abundant water for processing raw jute
      - cheap labor from W.bengal and adjoining states
      - kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
    - - stiff competition in the international market
      - others competitors like bangladesh, brazil, etc.
      - high cost of production
      - shortage of power supply
      - storage of raw jute
    - - the internal demand has been on the increase due to the govt. policy of mandatory use of jute packaging
      - the growing global concern for environmental friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products
  - - - raw material is bulky
      - in haulage its sucrose content reduces
      - perishable in nature
      - transport is difficult
    - - CLIMATE
        
        the cooler climate ensures a longer crushing season
      - BETTER MANAGEMENT
        
        the cooperatives are more successful in these states
      - HIGHER SUCROSE
        
        the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content
    - - seasonal product (agro based)
      - runs in off season when sugarcane cultivation is not occuring
      - provides seasonal employ.
    - - done by a group of individuals
      - saves cost of setting up the industry individually
      - raw material is limited by one farmer
      - since this is a seasonal industry, cooperatives help
      - output increases and so does the profit
      - competition among them reduces
    - - seasonal nature of the industry
      - old and inefficient methods of production
      - transport delay in reaching cane to factories
      - the need to maximise the use of baggase
      - low yield of sugarcane
      - short crushing season
- - - - Dyeing and finishing
        
        Garment manufacture
        
        Garments
      - Fabric