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Chronic Kidney Disease - Coggle Diagram
Chronic Kidney Disease
pathophysiology
progressive decline in kidney function due to the permanent loss of nephrons
risk factors
diabetes
hypertension
polycystic kidney diseases
glomerulonephritis
systemic lupus
erythematosus
labs diagnostic tests
GFR
normal= 120-130mL/min/1.73mL/m2
kidney failure= <15mL/min/1.73m2
kidney damage= <60mL/min/1.73/m2
albumin
increased BUN
Decreased creatinine
electrolyte imbalance
Monitor pH
Urine specific gravity
symptoms
uremia
fatigue
nausea/ vomiting
metallic taste in mouth
altered blood pressure control
impaired vitamin D synthesis
apathy
peripheral edema
blood in urine
chest pain
muscle spasms
protein in urine
sleep disturbances
complications
nitrogenous wastes
azotemia
accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood
accumulation of urea
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
ployuria
dehydration
fluid overload
hypocalcemia
GI disorders
nausea
anorexia
ulceration and bleeding
hiccups
CV disorders
heart failure
increased vascular volume
edema
pericarditis
coagulation disorders
hypertension
decreased skin integrity
sallow yellow-brown hue to skin
dry mucous membranes
subcutaneous bruises
pruritus (increased serum phosphate levels)
brittle fingernails
sexual dysfunction
male
impotence
erectile difficulties
decreased libido
decreased spermatocyte counts
female
hormonal disfunction
menstrual abnormalities
decreased vagina lubrication
various orgasmic problems
hyperparathyroidism
hematologic disorders
anemia
hemoglobin <13g/dL men, <12g/dL
coagulopathies
metabolism of drugs
absorption
excretion
distribution
impaired immune function
decreased granulocyte count
impaired humoral and cell mediated immunity
defective phagocyte function
mucous membranes are impaired> increased infection
portal of entry from vascular access devices due to dialysis
usually don't present with fevers
collaborative management
dietary
restriction of proteins
restrict phosphorus
limit sodium
avoid excess fluid intake
circulatory overload
edema
water intoxification
blood glucose management
advanced treatment
hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
kidney transplant
hypertension
antihypertension medication
sodium/water restriction