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HYPERTENSION - Coggle Diagram
HYPERTENSION
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NURSING INTERVENTIONS
The objective of nursing care focuses on lowering and controlling the blood pressure without adverse effects and without undue cost.
Encourage the patient to consult a dietitian to help develop a plan for improving nutrient intake or for weight loss.
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BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS
Determine individual stressors such as family, social, work environment, life changes, or healthcare management. To evaluate degree of impairment
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Include client in planning of care, and encourage maximum participation in treatment plan.
Encourage client to evaluate life priorities and goals. Ask questions such as “Is what you are doing getting you what you want?
Assist client to identify and begin planning for necessary lifestyle changes. Assist to adjust, rather than abandon, personal/family goals.
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MEDICATION
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Thiazide diuretics decrease blood volume, renal blood flow, and cardiac output.
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Beta blockers block the sympathetic nervous system to produce a slower heart rate and a lower blood pressure.
ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and lowers peripheral resistance.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
In a normal circulation, pressure is transferred from the heart muscle to the blood each time the heart contracts and then pressure is exerted by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels.
When there is excess sodium intake, renal sodium retention occurs, which increases fluid volume resulting in increased preload and increase in contractility.
Obesity is also a factor in hypertension because hyperinsulinemia develops and structural hypertrophy results leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance.
Genetic alteration also plays a role in the development of hypertension because when there is cell membrane alteration, functional constriction may follow and also results in increased peripheral vascular resistance.
PATIENT EDUCATION
The nurse can help the patient achieve blood pressure control through education about managing blood pressure.
Encourage the involvement of family members in the education program to support the patient’s efforts to control hypertension.
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