Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Amphenicols - Coggle Diagram
Amphenicols
characteristics
by species
chloramphenicol
banned for food animals
idiosyncratic aplastic anemia (complete absence of blood cells) in humans
companion animals
florfenicol
food animals
pigs
cattle
respiraotry infections
usually after ineffective treatment tried
no bone marrow supprerssion
serious anaerobic infections
ex. penicillin-resistant Bacteroides
CNS infections
systemic infections
2nd/3rd line treatment for prostatic infections
mixed infections effective
broad spectrum
lipid solubale
neutral pH
ADME
good po availability
IM in livestock
inactivated by ruminal fluids
large Vd
good distribution into hard access areas
ocular fluids
CSF
metabolism
phase I and phase II
50% excreted unchanged in urine
renal and biliary excretion
drug interactions
inhibits CYP450 hepatic enzyme
mechanism
inhibit protein synthesis
bind 50S
inhiits formation of peptide bonds
adjacent binding site to macrolides, lincosamide, streptogramin
bacteriostatic
florophenicol canbe -cidal in high conc
time dependent
active against
gram + and -
aerobes and anaerobes
atypicals
mycoplasma resistant
adverse drug rxns
handling
bone marrow depression
GI disturbance
hypotension after rapid IV injection in calves
resistance
enzymatic inativation
bacterial efflux pumps
horizontal gene transfer with transposons