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Aminoglycosides - Coggle Diagram
Aminoglycosides
antibacterial activity
narrow
gram - aeroves
expanded
gram - aerobes
some gram+ aerobes
Pseudomonas
mechanism
bind to 30S in gram -
enter through outer membrane prins
cross inner mebrane by O2 linked E-dependent transport
:red_cross: anaerobic and acidic environments
:check: aerobic and alkaline
combo with drugs that damage cell wall
increases AG uptake
characteristics
water soluable
organic bases
poor oral availability
neomycine for enteric infections po
typical drugs
gentamycin
neomycin
amikacin
streptomycin
PK/PD
ADME
large, water soluable
small Vd
low plasma binding
lots of free drug
limited tissue penetration
no metabolism
excreted unchanged in urine
t1/2 is dependent on renal clearance
concentration dependent
1 large dose more effective than many smaller doses
Cmax/MIC
PAE prolonged
adverse efects
nephrotoxicity
accumulates in proximal tubules
acute tubular necrosis
reversable if discontinued
varies by drug type
ototoxicity
can destroy hair cells
high to low frequency hearing loss
service/performance animals
damage can be irreversible with long term exposure
discontinuing can reverse effects
neuromuscular block
anesthesia issue
indications
companions
gentamicin
amikacin
horses
neomycin
gentamycin
amikacin
food
used carefully
persistent drug residue
neomycin
gentamycin
resistance
reduce bacterial permeability
enzymatic modification of AG fxn'l groups
bioinactivates drug