Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Protiens

Amino Acids

Monosaccharides

Lipids

Triglcerides

Disaccharides

Nucleic Acids

saturated-fat

Fats (Butter) Fats (oils)

Phospholipids

Polysaccharides

Composed of:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

-monomers of carbs
-simple sugars
-monosaccharide + protien = glycoprotien
-monosaccharide + lipid = glycolipid


Glucose
-plants and fruits
-hexose


Fructose
-sweet fruits & honey
-pentose


Galactose
-milk
-galactose is broken down by lactase

dropped image link

-Monosac+monosac = disac
Anabolism
-bonds made by condensation synthesis
Catabolism
-bonds broken by hydrolysis
-the bond made is called a glycosidic bond



Glucose + Glucose = Maltose + H2O
-maltose: malt sugar


Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose + H2O
-sucrose: table sugar


Glucose + Galactose = Lactose + H2O
-lactose: milk sugar
-also broken down by lactase

image depicting dehydration synthesis

-many many many monosac + condensation = polysac
-formed by glucose monomers
-insoluble in H2O
-doesnt crystalise


Starch
-plants


Glygogen:
animals, humans. yeast


Cellulose:

  • cell walls of plant cells


  • Broken down into smaller molecules by hydrolosis

RNA
-does DNA's bidding
DNA
-deoxyribonucleicacid
-double helix

Consists of:

  • Sugars
  • Phosphates
  • Nitrogen Bases:

Such as:



-Cytosine
Bonds With
-Guanine


-Thymine
Bonds With
-Adenine

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When two amino acids come together, the amino group of one and the carboxyl group of the other undergoes condesnsation syntheseis to create a dipeptide, the bond is called a peptide bond and water is released, it is also a covalent bond.

R gorup:
there are 20 different varients of amino acids.

click to edit

Charged (side chains often form salt bridges):

• Arginine - Arg - R

• Lysine - Lys - K

• Aspartic acid - Asp - D

• Glutamic acid - Glu - E

Polar (form hydrogen bonds as proton donors or acceptors):

• Glutamine - Gln - Q

• Asparagine - Asn - N

• Histidine - His - H

• Serine - Ser - S

• Threonine - Thr - T

• Tyrosine - Tyr - Y

• Cysteine - Cys - C

Amphipathic (often found at the surface of proteins or lipid membranes, sometimes also classified as polar):

• Tryptophan - Trp - W

• Tyrosine - Tyr - Y

• Methionine - Met - M (may function as a ligand to metal ions)

Hydrophobic (normally buried inside the protein core):

• Alanine - Ala - A

• Isoleucine - Ile - I

• Leucine - Leu - L

• Methionine - Met - M

• Phenylalanine - Phe - F

• Valine - Val - V

• Proline - Pro - P

• Glycine - Gly - G