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Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Metabolism
Lipids
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Is not soluble in polar solvents. E.g like water. Lipids are only soluble in non-polar organic solvents.
Primary functions of lipid include storing energy, signalling, and acting as structural components of the cell membrane
Example of lipids include phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids.
Phospholipids are made up of two fatty acids and a phosphate group. The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bi-layer that acts as a gatekeeper, allowing things to proceed in and out.
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Steroids are a lipid-based hormone. Anabolic steroids stimulate protein synthesis, which intern stimulates muscular growth, along with insulin.
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Fats and oils are of abundance. They provide energy for organisms, insulate body organs, and are responsible for the transportation of vitamins through our blood stream
Fats are solid in room temperature, liquids are not.
Carbohydrates
Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
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If multiple glucose monosaccharides are joint together by condensation synthesis it creates polysaccharides.
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Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules from much simpler molecules due to hydrolysis. E.g macromolecules to monomers.
Hydrolysis is the opposite to condensation, it is when water molecules breaks bonds between compounds and changes its make up.
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Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions that occur within each cell of a living organism and provides us with the essential energy
Nucleic Acids
DNA & RNA
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Phosphate
Nitrogen helps bond nucleic acid together, due to its nitrogenous base. The main function of a nitrogenous base is to bond nucleic acids together.
Nucleotides are the structural building blocks of DNA & RNA. The sequence of nucleotides in RNA & DNA codes for the structure of proteins synthesised within the cell
Phosphorous is uniquely found in nucleic acids to help maintain a normal acidic base level by acting by as the body's most important buffer.
Phosphate is evident in nucleotides, as all nucleotides consist of a phosphate group that is attached to the 5 carbon atoms and a nitrogenous base.
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Both RNA & DNA contain four bases. However, RNA contains uracil and DNA contains thymine.
DNA also contains one less oxygen atom than RNA hence its name, deoxyribose.
Ribose is found in RNA and is classified as a normal sugar. It has one oxygen atom attached to each carbon atom
Proteins
Made up of Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Nitrogen. Sometimes sulphur
Amino Acids
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DNA decides the structure of an amino acid, intern it therefore controls the composition of a protein.
Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together forming a peptide bond and thereby forming a large chain which are referred to as polypeptides
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Examples of proteins, enzymes, hormones, immunogloubin