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Sound - Coggle Diagram

- - - - this helps carry the sound energy away in a moving pattern
      - some regions of the vibration have more molecules, while some regions have less molecules
  - - - molecules in solids are packed very closely, so when theres vibration in solids, the energy is transerred to the other molecules very quickly
      - speed of sound in solids - 5000 to 6000 m/s
      - drilling of walls
    - - molecules in solids are not packed very closely, so when theres vibration in liquids, the energy transferred to other molecules is not as fast as in solids
      - scuba divers sending signals
      - speed of sound in liquids - 1500 m/s
    - - molecules in gases are packed loosely, so when theres vibration is gases, the energy transferred to other molecules is the slowest
      - public announcements over PA systems
      - speed of sound in gases - 330 m/s
- - - - larger musical instruments = lower pitch
    - - smaller musical instruments = higher pitch
  - - - eardrum is destroyed at 180 dB
- - - - shout to warn at others, loud sirens
    - - talk to one another
    - - music
    - - it is a technique that uses sound to gather information about the environment
      - reflected sounds from the ocean floor provides underwater conditions
        
        ship emits sound that travels down to ocean floor
        
        time interval for sound to reach the ocean floor from the ship and back is measured (2D)
        
        speed of sound = total distance travelled (2D) divide time taken
        
        if speed of sound in seawater is 1500m/s and the time taken in total is 2.4s
        
        2D = 1500 x 2.4
        
        D = 3600 divide 2 = 1800m
    - - ultrasound is sound with frequencies above 20,000 Hz
      - ultrasound allows doctors to observe foetuses, detect cancers and observe tumours.
      - ultrasound can also break up kidney stones through vibrations
  - - - it is excessive noise that may come from humans, animals or machines, whoch cause annoyance and health problems
- - - - external ear
        
        cup like flap that collects sound
    - - ear canal
        
        tube called eardrum channels sound to eardrum
      - eardrum
        
        flap of skin that vibrates according to the frequency of the sound coming in
    - - vibrations are then transferred by three bones to the inner ear
        
        the three bones
        
        hammer
        
        anvil
        
        stirrup
    - - inner ear
        
        vibrations are transferred to cochlea
        
        shell shaped chamber
        
        cochlea begins to vibrate according to different frequencies