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ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
7BF6C7DA-0115-428C-946E-B3B0AE81500A - Coggle…
ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS
Ancient Egypt
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Social pyramid
The social structure of Egypt began with the pharaoh at the top and peasants at the bottom. In between were government officials, priests, scribes, and artisans. The daily lives of the Egyptian people were distinct for each class.
Architecture
The best known example of ancient Egyptian architecture are the Egyptian pyramids while excavated temples, palaces, tombs and fortresses have also been studied. Most buildings were built of locally available mud brick and limestone by levied workers.
Religion
The religion of ancient Egypt was a polytheistic religion which lasted throughout their civilization.
After about three thousand years, the Egyptian people turned to Coptic Christianity and Islam.
These religions were brought by influences from outside.
Ancient Mesopotamia
Language and script
Cuneiform was one of the first writing systems
this is was a language of peculiar symbols used for writing scriptures, etc
the epic of Gilgamesh was written in this language. it is, perhaps, the oldest story written on Earth
Religion
They believed in many gods, one of the gods was Marduk the dragon god
It was a belief that gods lived on distant mountain tops
each god had control of certain things and each city was ruled by a different god
gods were worshiped at huge temples called Ziggurats
Inventions and contributions
The Sumerians were very inventive people. It is believed that they invented the sailboat, the chariot, the wheel, the plow, and metalurgy. They developed cuneiform, the first written language.
Important people in Mesopotamia
Ur-Nammu (king of Ur)
Sargon of Akkad (who established the Akkadian Empire)
Hammurabi (who established the Old Babylonian state)
Ashur-uballit II and Tiglath-Pileser I (who established the Assyrian Empire).
Ancient China
Social pyramid
the Chinese government divided Chinese people into four classes: landlord, peasant, craftsmen, and merchant. Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes, while merchant and craftsmen were collected into the two minor.
Inventions and contributions
Gunpowder, paper, printing, and the compass are sometimes called the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China. Kites were first used as a way for the army to signal warnings. Umbrellas were invented for protection from the sun as well as the rain.
Kings and important personalities
8 important people in China were
Gan De (astrologer and astronomer)
Zu Chongzhi ( famous mathematician)
Gongsun Long (logician)
Mozi (Chinese philosopher)
Li Si (Chinese politician, writer, and calligrapher)
Liu Xiang (politician, historian, writer)
Cao Zhi (son of the ruler Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms Period)
Tao Yuanming (ancient Chinese poet)
Fun facts
The Last Emperor of China, Puyi, became ruler when he was only 3 years old.
The Chinese have used chopsticks to eat with for over 4,000 years.
After inventing the printing press, the most popular type of booklet was Buddhist sayings and prayers.
Ancient Indus Valley
Location
The Indus valley civilization also known as Harrapan civilization was located near the Indus River
Indus valley's semi-desert area was dry and in the mountains there was a below-freezing temperature.
Language and script
the language of Indus valley is unknown as the script has yet not been deciphered
but most people say that the Aryans spoke Dravidian languages
Architecture
The civilization's cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft
Fun facts
It comprised of over 1,056 cities and villages
Water management is a unique feature of this civilization.
Dentistry was a practised profession in Indus valley.