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Cell Structure, extrinsic, shows structure - Coggle Diagram
Cell Structure
Concepts
All organisms composed of cells
physical framework
where plant metabolism occurs
Organelles
Nuclei
mitochondria
chloroplasts
roots absorb
water
salts
vascular tissue
transport
water
salt
flower cells
produce pigment
attract insect
drop pollen
Types of plant cells
shoot or root
cube shape
lily epidermal cell
flat
short cylinder
photosynthetic pear leaf
Water conducting in oak
hemp fiber
long cylinder
multicellular
more than one cell
more efficient
heavily reliant on other cells
unicellular
one cell
no division of labor
cell growth
mother cell divides
daughter cell 1
daughter cell 2
Plant Cells
Protoplasm
mass of
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
water
Organelles
Plasma Membrane
#
function
impermeable
harmful substances
permeable
beneficial substances
covers the surface of protoplasm
Nucleus
function
storage of genetic info
makes copies of DNA
called mRNA
Parts
nuclear envelope
inner membrane
outer membrane
nuclear pores
transports material b/w nucleus and protoplasm
nucleoplasm
DNA
enzymes
histone proteins
RNA
water
nucleolus
function
ribosome synthesis
Central Vacuole
Components
single membrane (tonoplast)
Functions
storage
water
salts
nutrient reserves
waste products
calcium
potassium
pigments
digestion
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Mitochondria
Function
cellular respiration
Components
Inner mitochondrial membrane
forms
cristae
highly folded
selectively permeable
contains
pumps
channels
liquid matrix
outer mitochondrial membrane
provides
shape
rigidity
freely permeable
DNA
ribosomes
Plastids
Functions
photosynthesis
storage
phytoferritin
Lipid Based Functions
synthesis
storage
export
Amino Acid Based Functions
Synthesis of
isoleucine
valine
those containing aromatic rings
derived from
aspartate
Components
inner membrane
outer membrane
stroma
contains thylakoids
stacked into
grana
ribosomes
circular DNA
proplastids
young dividing cells
simple
amyloplasts
Function
no photosynthesis
accumulate sugar
store sugar as starch
chloroplasts
exposure to light
chromoplasts
pigments may present as
plastoglobuli
leucoplasts
Features
no pigment
Functions
synthesis of
fats
lipids
Ribosomes
Functions
protein synthesis
Components
3 molecules of RNA
polysome
cluster of ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions
carry proteins
Components
narrow tubes
membrane sheets
Rough ER
Contains
ribosomes
Smooth ER
Functions
lipid synthesis
membrane assembly
Dictyosomes
attached to cisterna
forms Golgi Body
Functions
modification
vesicle membrane
vesicle contents
produce hemicellulose
Microbodies
Peroxisomes
detoxification
Glycoxysomes
conversion
fats to sugars
Nonmembranous Organelles
Cytosol
Components
Water
Enzymes
Microtubules
Function
cytoskeleton
catch vesicles
motility
Components
alpha-tubilin
beta-tubulin
Formation of
spindle fibers
centrioles
cilia
flagella
Microfilaments
Components
actin
Storage Products
Cell Wall
Contents
cellulose
bound by
hemicellulose
Components
middle lamella
composed of
pectic substances
primary cell wall
thin
secondary cell wall
thick
impregnated by lignin
Associations of Cells
Plasmodesmata
allows for communication b/w cells
can vary in numbers
clustered plasmodesmata
primary pit field
cell was thinning
contains many plasmodesmata
symplast
entire mass of protoplasm
intercellular spaces
apoplast
intercellular spaces
cell walls
Membranes
Functions
Hold enzymes
regulate in and out
compartmentalizes cell
houses proteins
intrinsic
partially immersed
extrinsic
outside membrane
Domains
small regions
proteins interacting w/ proteins
glycoproteins
sugar bound protein
Composition of Membranes
types of layers
monolayer
bilayer
construction of layers
monolayer
one set
hydrophobic tails
hydrophilic tails
bilayer
two sets
hydrophobic tails
hydrophilic heads
thin
lipid
glycolipid
#
sugar bound lipid
rare
heterogeneous liquid
fluid mosaic membrane
Properties of Membranes
Growth
molecule by molecule
pieces transported by vesicle
types of movements
exocytosis
vesicles move to membrane
release
proteins
polysaccharides
wastes
endocytosis
take in food materials
common in
algae
microscopic organisms
types of membranes
selectively permeable membranes
facilitated diffusion
examples
charged molecules
sugars
amino acids
inorganic salts
uses molecular pump
also called active transport
some pass easily
examples
hydrophobic substances
freely permeable membrane
anything can pass
impermeable membrane
nothing can pass
compartmentalization
formation of compartments
Basic Cell Types
Classification
Prokaryotic
simple
found in
bacteria
archeans
Eukaryotic
found in
plants
animals
fungi
protists
very complex
membrane bound organelles
Fungal Cells
Two Differences from Plants
1) no plastids
extrinsic
shows structure
