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Polypharmacy Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Polypharmacy Concept Map
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Social aspects:
Both mum and dad were nurses so were upset that they did not see the clinical warning signs or make any connections.
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0.9% Sodium chloride:
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Pharmaceutical form:
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Infusion solution preparations are clear, colourless and transparent with no visible particles.
Therapeutic indications:
This fluid solution can be used as a vehicle for the administration of intravenous drugs and also as an extracellular fluid replacement therapy.
Dose:
The dose of these fluids changes depending on the patient. Factors that influence the dose are things such as age, weight, clinical condition and the laboratory response to treatment.
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Contraindications:
These fluids must not be used in the following conditions unless a doctor has determined that the benefits outweigh the risks:
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Potassium chloride:
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Pharmaceutical form
This solution is clear and colourless and used for intravenous infusion. Some are isotonic solutions and some are hypertonic solutions.
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Dose:
The dose and rate of these fluids are based on various aspects of the patient. This aspects include age, weight, condition of the patient and upon laboratory determinations.
Administration:
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The maximum time that an infusion can occur is 12 hours for the 100mL product, and 24 hours for the 1000mL product.
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Mechanism of action:
Potassium is actively transported into the cells through a process facilitated by dextrose, insulin and oxygen. Potassium participates in various essential processes throughout the body including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function .
Glucose 5%
Pharmaceutical form:
Comes as a clear, colourless solution that is free of any visible particles. This solution is used for infusions
Dose:
Just like many other fluid solutions, the concentration and dose depends on the patients age, weight and clinical condition.
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Glucose 5% can also be used as a diluent for injectable preparations of other medications. When this occurs the dosage and infusion rate will be dictated by the regimen of the perscribed drug.
Administration:
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Prior to administration all fluid bags and medications should be inspected visually to assess for any visible particles and discolouration.
Should be administered using aseptic technique, and using sterile equipment .
When introducing additives, the final osmolarity of the solution should be assessed.
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Mechanism of action:
This fluid can be used as a source of water and energy. Once injected it is readily converted into fat in the body, which can be used as energy. It also provides the individual with hydration.
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Relevant legalities:
The Medicines Act 1981:
Section 19 provides some authority around the administration of prescribed medicines. It explains that a medicine may only be administered to any person only in accordance with, the direction of the authorised prescriber or as a standing order.
This also permits the patient themselves to administer their medicine. This was important with this diabetic patient as this is something they are going to have to do for life.
Section 47 explains the principles of storing and delivering medicines. It gives details about the storage while in hospital and at home and also in regards to the preparation of medicines.
This is an important aspect to reflect on with this situation, as their insulin pens are going to be something they have forever. So, proper storage and use is vital.
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