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CLIMATE - Coggle Diagram
CLIMATE
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Difference between Climate and Weather
WEATHER:
Weather refers to a state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
CLIMATE:
Refers to sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time ( More than 30 years)
ON-SET OF MONSOONS
1.Duration of Monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to Mid Sept.
- At the time of its arrival normal rainfall increases suddenly and continues for several days. This is known as burst of Monsoon.
- Monsoon arrives at the tip of Indian peninsula by first week of June.
- It proceeds into 2 Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
- Arabian sea branch reaches Mumbai by 10th June and bay of Bengal reaches Assam in first week of June.
- by mid June Arabian branch arrives over Saurashtra, Kutch and cetral part of the country.
- Delhi receives showers by 29th June.
- Islands receive monsoon from last week of April to first week of May.
SEASONS:
A). Cold Weather season--From Mid Nov in Northern India and stays till Feb. December and Jan are the coldest months.
The North-East trade winds prevail over the country, rainfall occurs on Tamil Nadu coast from these winds and here they blow from sea to land.
The weather is marked by clear sky, low temperature, low humidity and feeble variable winds.
Characteristic feature of cold weather is the inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west and north-west.
they cause the much needs winter rains locally known as "Mahawat"and are good for rabi crops.
B.) Hot Weather season:
From March to May.
Summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure.
Striking feature is "Loo"
Dust storms, localized thunder storms accompanied by hail. In West Bengal these storms are known as "Kaal Baisakhi".
Towards the close of Summer season, monsoon showers are referred to as Mango showers.
Advancing Monsoon:
- These south-east trade winds originate over sub tropical areas of southern ocean, they bring abundant moisture.
- Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall.
- Deccan plateau and Madhya Preadesh fall under rain shadow area.
- Mawsynram in southern ranges of Khasi hills receive the highest rainfall in the world.
- Monsoon has breaks in rainfall i.e. wet and dry spell.
6.Heavy rains in Himalayan rivers bring in devastating floods.
- Monsoon is known for its uncertainty, its often irregular in its arrival and retreat.
India's Climate:
- Monsoon type fund in South and South-East Asia.
- Word monsoon is derived from Arabic word Mausaim which means seasons.
- Monsoon refers to seasonal reversal in wind direction during an year
Retreating Monsoon:
- During Oct-Nov monsoon trough over Northern plains become weaker.
- The south west monsoon winds start withdrawing gradually.
- The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear sky and rising temperature.
- Owing to humidity weather becomes oppressive and is known as October heat.
- Low pressure conditions get transferred to Bay of Bengal and cause cyclones.
- The bulk of rainfall of Coromandel coast is derived from depression in cyclones.
Distribution of Rainfall:
- Parts of western coast and North east India receive 400 cm rainfall.
- 60 cm in western Rajasthan adjoining parts of Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab.
- Low in the interior of Deccan plateau. Leh and J&K.
- Snowfall is restricted to Himalayan region.
Monsoon as a Unifying Bond
- The Indian landscape its animal and plant life, agricultural calendar, life of people and festivities revolve around this Phenomenon.
- These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set agricultural activities in motion.
- The river valleys unite as a single river valley unit.
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