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Chapter 3: The Research Process - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3: The Research Process
Paradigms: Mental models that is used to organize observations.
Positivism, Post-Positivism: Positivism holds that scientific knowledge created should be restricted to what can be observed and measured. Post-Positivism argues that one can make inferences based on observations an logical reasoning.
Ontology and Epistemology:
Ontology refers to assumptions made about how we see the world. Epistemology is the assumptions on how to study the way in which we study the world.
Overview of Research Process:
Observation Phase: The observation of natural phenomena or events.
Rationalization: The process of understanding what was observed during the observation phase.
Validation Phase: This is where theories are tested from earlier observations and rationalizations.
The Steps of Research
• Exploration: exploring and selecting research questions for investigation.
• Identifying research question: The research question can be about behavior, an event, or a phenomenon.
• Literature review: Conducting a literature review to see what current research has been already completed about your research question,
and to identify previous authors, and any gaps in information and knowledge about topic.
• Theory: Identifying a theory will help put constructs that are related logically to topic.
• Research Design: This step will create a roadmap to help answer the research question.
• Operationalization: This step calls for an operational definition to help properly define abstract constructs to properly measure constructs.
• Research method: The process of collecting data for proper analysis.
The research method used can be surveys, experiments, case research or active research.
• Sampling: The process of collecting data from the population sample. Selection of the right sample strategy is key.
• Research proposal: This outline all of the decisions made throughout the above-mentioned steps.
This also details the research question, theories, research method, and sampling strategy used and why.
• Research execution: This allows for the testing of the data analysis,
and data collection and allows for pilot testing to spot potential problems in the research design.
• Research Report: This is the final report detailing the entire process.
In this report there will be detailed information about the entire research process.
The information will cover how every step was chosen and how the end results of experiments and the analysis of the data collected.
Common Mistakes in Research
• Insufficiently motivated research questions.
• Pursuing research fads.
• Unresearchable problems
• Favored research methods
• Blind data mining