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Ancient Civilizations, image, image, a video on the history of china -,…
Ancient Civilizations
LOCATION
Indus Valley civilization - modern-day Afghanistan , Pakistan and northwest part of India.
Ancient Egypt -located next to the Nile river ,North-east of ancient Africa [present day Egypt (country)].
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Ancient China - The social classes of ancient China can be classified into four major categories. These were landlord, peasant, craftsmen, and merchant.[shi,nong gong and shang ]
Ancient Egypt - there were 5 classes ; pharaoh , government officials, priests, scribes, and artisans, peasants . The daily lives of the Egyptian people were distinct for each class.
ARCHITECTURE
Ancient Egypt -The two principal building materials used in ancient Egypt were unbaked mud brick and stone. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally used for tombs and for temples—the eternal houses of the gods
Indus Valley -Most buildings were built of fired and mortared brick; some incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden superstructures. Sites were often raised, or built on man made hills. This could be to combat flooding in the nearby areas.
RELIGION
mesopotamia- Mesopotamians were polytheistic; they worshipped several major gods and thousands of minor gods. Each Mesopotamian city, whether Sumerian, Akkadian, or babylonian had its own god or goddess
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CONTRIBUTIONS
China -Papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass - the four great inventions of ancient China-are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to world civilization.
Mesopotamia- It was here that agriculture began. Irrigation and farming were common in this area because of the fertile land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.-
FAMOUS PERSONALITIES
China -Lao Zu ( philosopher) , Confucius (a teacher, politician, and philosopher), Sun Tzu, (a military strategist )
Mesopotamia-Some of the important historical Mesopotamian leaders were Ur-Nammu , Sargon of Akkad (who established the Akkadian Empire), Hammurabi (who established the Old Babylonian state),and Tiglath-Pileser I (who established the Assyrian Empire).
FUN FACTS
ANCIENT CHINA- After inventing the printing press, the most popular type of booklet was Buddhist sayings and prayers. The Last Emperor of China, Puyi, became ruler when he was only 3 years old. The Chinese have used chopsticks to eat with for over 4,000 years.
INDUS VALLEY -John Marshall was the first researcher to use the term, 'Indus Valley Civilization'.Indus Valley Civilization spread from the year 2500 – 1750 BC according to radio-carbon dating.The most distinctive feature of the Harappan Civilisation was its urbanisation.
LANGUAGE
Indus valley -The Indus script is a group of symbols which are yet not deciphered . Most tablets containing these symbols are extremely short,which makes it difficult to know whether or not these symbols recorded a writing system.
The principal language of ancient Mesopotamia
was known as 'Akkadian', Amorite, and then Aramaic. They have come down to us in wedge-shaped script, deciphered by scholars in the 1850s.
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