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"How to identify unknown liquids using light?" - Coggle Diagram
"How to identify unknown liquids using light?"
Properties of Light
Refraction
Bending of light when changing from one medium to another.
Snell's Law
Refractive index is a number that shows how dense the material is compared to vacuum.
This law can be used to find the refractive index or the optical density of another medium
This could lead to determining the density of the liquid.
The unknown liquids can be identified using their density.
During refraction of light speed and Wavelength changes but frequency doesn't.
Speed and wavelength is the greatest in the least medium.
Diffraction
Waves will bend around when they reach an opening.
Bright and dark spots are formed
Bright spots form as constructive superposition takes place.
Dark Spots form when destructive superposition takes place.
Polarisation
The phenomenon in which the electric light vibrations are confined to particular direction in a plane.
Reflection
Change in direction of light when encountering a solid object.
Specular Reflection
Light is reflected in only one direction when it encounters a smooth surface.
Law of Reflection
Diffuse Reflection
Light is reflected in multiple direction when it encounters a rough surface.
In a vacuum, light travels at the speed of light which is 3 times to 10 to the power of 8 m/s.
Light is an electromagnetic wave.
A transverse wave due to the oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Frequency
Number of periodic oscillations that occur in one second.
Measured in Hertz (Hz).
Wavelength
The length between two successive points on the wave.
Measured in metres(m).
Total Internal Reflection
This phenomenon occurs when there is no refracted ray.
Also, occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.
The critical angle can be determined by taking the angle of refraction as 90 degree.
Physical Properties of liquid
Refractive index or density
Boiling Points
Variable Shape
Fixed Volume
Higher Kinetic Energy
Lower Potential Energy
Particles are quite close together, however, they still have a few gaps.
Types of containers where the liquid can be filled.
Beaker
Transparent drinking glass
Conical Flask
Transparent bottle
Transparent Prism
Light Sources
Candle Flame
Torches
Lamps
Laser Beam
Fluorescent bulb
Sun
neon
Light Box
Safety
Wear Safety glasses
As working with light and liquids avoid having eye and skin contact.
Lab Coats must be worn as liquids will be handled
Wash hands if liquid spilled on hand.
Safety assosciated with using lasers