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Acute Heart Failure (AHF), PERFUSION - Coggle Diagram
Acute Heart Failure (AHF)
Pathogenesis/Etiology
Cardiac Output Decrease
Sympathetic NS Releases Hormones
Vasoconstriction, tachycardia
Increased contractility, Systemic vascular resistance
Increased Afterload
Increased energy usage, heart workload
Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption/need
Cardiac ischemia
1 more item...
Afterload
= pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole; proportional to the average arterial pressure
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
Decrease in renal blood flow & GFR
RAAS System activation
Retention of Sodium + Water
Increased Preload
Preload
= amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells; directly related to ventricular filling
Labs/Diagnostics
Chest X-Ray
ANP
BNP
Echocardiogram
Hemodynamics (Invasive!)
Risk Factors
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Myocarditis
Acute Valve Syndromes
Progressive Valve Disease
Collaborative Treatments
Relieve Symptoms
Fluid Volume overload
Poor perfusion
Hypoxia
Stabilize, correct cause of dysfunction
Mechanical support
Exercise training
Sodium/Fluid Restriction
Beta Blockers
ACE Inhibitors
Vasodilator
Oxygen therapy
Complications
Pulmonary Edema (Left-sided HF)
Organ Failure
Brain
Kidneys
All others...
MI
Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmias
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
Clinical Manifestations
Shortness of breath (SOB)
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Distress
Anxiety
Jugular vein distention (JVD)
Severe fatigue
Confusion
Most, cool skin
PERFUSION