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New Kings & Kingdoms, Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan (997-1030) …

- - - - Gain power and wealth
        
        Maha-Samantas/Mandaleshvara
        
        Overthrow their overlords
        
        Ruler
        
        Adopted high-sounding titles
        
        Maharaja Adhiraja
        
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        Tribhuvana Chakravartin
        
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        Self Declaration
        
        The great lord of the circle (region)
      - Subordinates to the King
      - Expected To :
        
        Be present in the court
        
        Provide military support
        
        Bring gifts for the King
  - - - Rashtrakutas
        
        Subordinates to the Chalukyas of Karnataka
        
        Dantidurga overthrows his Chalukya overlord
        
        Performed ‘hiraniyan-garbha’ (the golden womb)
        
        Reborn as a Kshatriya
        
        The beginning of the Rashtrakuta dynasty
    - - Brahmanas
        
        Gurjara Pratihara Harichandra
        
        Gave up their traditional professions and used violence
        
        Kadamba Mayurasharman
      - Established Kingdoms in
        
        Karnataka
        
        Rajasthan
- - - - Cattle keepers
      - Peasants
      - Artisans
    - - Not literally true
      - Rulers depict themselves as valiant, victorious warriors
        
        Brahmanas rewarded with land grants
        
        The ring is secured with the royal seal
        
        Recorded on copper plates
        
        Written in Sanskrit and Tamil
      - Examples
        
        Written in Sanskrit
        
        Found in Gwalior, MP
        
        Nagabhata, Pratihara King
        
        Defeated the Kings of
        
        Kirata (Forest People)
        
        Turushka (Turks)
        
        Malava (MP)
        
        Vatsa (North India)
        
        Anarta (Gujarat)
        
        Matsya (North India)
        
        Vanga (Bengal)
        
        Andhra
        
        Kanauj
        
        Kalinga (Orissa)
        
        Saindhava (Sindh)
        
        Vidarbha (Maharashtra)
        
        When he was a Prince
        
        Unlike Prashastis
        
        A long Sanskrit Poem
        
        About the history of Kashmir’s Kings
        
        Composed by Kalhana
        
        Used a variety of sources
        
        Documents
        
        Earlier histories
        
        Eyewitness accounts
        
        Inscriptions
        
        Critical about the rulers
  - - - Wealth in the form of plunder
      - Access to land and trade routes
  - - - Applies for the Army too
- - - - Tripartite Struggle - 3 dynasties fighting over it
        
        Rashtrakuta
        
        Pala
        
        Gurjara-Pratihara
  - - - Building large temples
    - - When plundering, temples are targeted
        
        Like
- - - - Write an account of the subcontinent
        
        Written in Arabic
        
        Consulted Sanskrit scholars to prepare it
        
        Important source to historians
        
        Called Kitab IL-Hind