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Backend, Module 2 Overview: This module will introduce you to the basics…

- - - - The Request Line
        When a client sends an HTTP request to a server, it needs to include some key information about the request:
        
        Request method: What type of request is being made? (GET, PUT, POST or DELETE)
        
        a URI to identify the resource involved in the request: Where is the request being made to?
        
        HTTP Version #: To make it clear which protocol is being used in the communication
        
        The header contains optional metadata about the request. The details of header fields are out of scope for this course.
        
        The body contains the optional parameters for the request, and/or any data being sent to the server. If a client sends a POST request after a user fills out a form, the form data would be sent within the body of the message.
    - - The status line tells the client the result of the requested operation. Status codes are written using 3 digit codes. The most common are:
        
        200: This code means "OK". This status is sent when the server completed operation successfully.
        
        404: This code means "Not Found". This status is sent when the server could not locate the requested resource.
        
        400: This code means "Bad Request". This status is sent when the server couldn't understand the client request.
        
        The header contains optional metadata about the response. The details of header fields are out of scope for this course.
        
        The body contains any data or resource the server is providing in response to the request. This can be an HTML file the client requested, or data from the database.
  - - - HTTP PUT method to create or update data on the server. This method is similar to the POST method.
      - the HTTP POST method to insert or update data on the server. This is the method used when HTML forms need to send form data to the server.
    - - Clients can use the HTTP GET method to retrieve information from a server. This is useful in scenarios where the client needs to ask for the details of a stored object, a list of objects that are being stored, or search for something that the user is requesting.
        The client may optionally pass parameters that give the server more information about the request, such as the id or name of the specific object the client wants to locate.
- - - - Import the proper modules that will help you develop your app.
      - Set up a server to listen for http requests.
      - Configure server to receive and respond to http requests
        
        a. Work with database to obtain data for response
        
        b. Perform logic and algorithms, if needed, to prepare response
    - - In computer networking, a port is a destination or communication endpoint. When we use Node.js to set up a web server on our computers, we'll have to specify which port the Node.js app should be listening on.
    - - The Node Package Manager (npm), comes packaged with your Node.js installation. It allows you to quickly and easily install other add-ons (frameworks and libraries) to use with your Node.js projects.
      - Many of these packages will be the dependencies that your project needs in order to work. A dependency is a package that your project depends on for any reason. For example, if you're using a function that you didn't write yourself that is defined as part of another framework or library, your project depends on that framework or else it won't be able to access that function.
      - Npm also provides an online database of public packages that allows you to access packages that other developers have created. Using external libraries, packages and frameworks makes it easier to develop code for your projects without spending time rewriting code that others have already spent time on. Instead, you can simply install a package and integrate it in your project.
    - - Modules are collections of functions that you can utilize in your Node.js application. This allows you to easily incorporate existing code that is written for a specific scenario, which helps you focus on your app's behavior.
        Note: Use single quotes (' ') instead of double quotes (" ") in your Node.js files, except for when you are writing in json
- - - - What can you do with these resources? All operations boil down to CRUD operations:
        
        Creating data
        
        Reading data
        
        Updating data
        
        Deleting data
      - Web Api format
        Our Web API will simply consist of a set of routes that match the types of HTTP requests we expect our clients to make. Each API endpoint is defined by:
        1. an HTTP method type (GET, PUT, POST or DELETE)
        2. a URI