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Transition to Parenthood - Coggle Diagram
Transition to Parenthood
Issues Identified
link between social and psychological dimensions of pregnancy
Body image
self concept, self-efficacy, self esteem, self image
influence of media
Transitional crisis
adjustment to change
Motherhood
Vulnerability factors
Domestic abuse
Displaced immigrant families eg refugees
Socially Isolated / lack of social support
Language difficulties
Families with disability or chronic illness
Young teenagers
Homeless / financially impoverised
Other vulnerability factors
Older mothers
Multiple pregnancy
balance of power during labour
postpartum period (puerperium)
difficult births
death of a baby
midwife should help parents through the stages of their grief, respect religious beliefs, cultural practices and traditions, recognise her limitations in helping and mobilise assistance from others within the multi agency and interprofessional teams
Stigma
Impact on societies constructs of motherhood/fatherhood
not biologically determined roles, they are influenced by social contructs, culture, socio economic factors and politics
mothers are main caregivers
myths of motherhood presented as 'natural, instinctive, intuitive'
mothering is a more empowering concept
external pressure of 'good' vs 'bad' mother
will shape sense of self, identity and relationship with others
the way in which men are parented is important as this has helped form their identity and how they will develop and foster relationships in their family structure
media representation of 'missing dads'
gender roles are different amongst cultures and sexes
Midwifes Role/Responsibilities
foster confidence in women and their partners - empowering the parents
support new parents in developing and nurturing a healthy parent-baby relationship
involve fathers antenatally to strengthen support to women in the perinatal period
antenatal screening of domestic abuse in a sensitive and routine way
using inclusive language
positive talk
including both parents equally
talking about changes after baby arrives
set realistic expectations for postnatal period
link to community resourses
not assuming knowledge on either side
Normative adjustment reactions during pregnancy
pleasure, excitement, elation
dismay, dissapointment, ambivalence
emotionally labile (episodes of weepiness exacerbated by nausea, vomiting & tiredness)
psychological effects from physiological discomforts eg breast tenderness, heartburn etc
increased femininity and a feeling of wellbeing especially if physiological discomforts have started to subside
a sense of increased attachment to the fetus
stress and anxiety about antenatal tests
anxiety about labour
increased demand for knowledge, information and need to make preparations for the birth followed by feelings of increased detachment from work
loss of or increase in sexual libido and altered body image
anxiety about fetal abnormality
increased vulnerability to major life events such as moving house, financial status, bereavement etc
Normative emotional responses postpartum
satisfaction, joy, elation and fulfilment
emotional detachment, helplessness
guilt, anxiety self doubt
exhaustion / disapointment
emotional discomfort
unhappiness, sense of isolation / loneliness / postpartum 'blues' / thoughts of overwhelming responsibilities and contradictory/conflicting feelings towards the new baby