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Critical Reflection - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Multimodal
      - Interactive
      - May be synchronous / asynchronous
      - Real-time updates
    - - 2) Discerning: Sift & sort through overload of information
        
        Distinguish between (1) Messages promoted to persuade audience towards a certain viewpoint vs (2) Essential messages one personally needs to know
        
        Being aware of agendas behind messages directed to us in media & digital texts
      - 3) Balanced: Vary media sources we consume so one is exposed to various viewpoints, not just from 1 source of media
      - 1) Awareness of 'Digital Rhetoric' employed via following strategies (Eyman)
        
        Text (Direct meaning of text itself)
        
        Ethos (Language elements of Persuasion)
        
        Multimodality- affordances of various multimedia elements e.g. hypertexts, images, animations, GIFs, videos etc.
        
        Intertextuality- How multimedia elements reinforce each other to achieve text agenda
        
        Interactivity - between user & multimedia elements
        
        Formation of Digital Identities
        
        Anonymous, personally crafted digital profiles on various online portals by persons/ organisations
        
        Formation of social communities
        
        Social groups on different social media platforms, discussion boards & certain web portals tend to be based on and perpetuate interests, profiles & ideas that are similar and aligned with respective target user groups
    - - Envision the experiences, level of engagement and future changes we want to affect when we want to make contributions in digital space
      - Not just in terms of rational, scientific & capitalist way; But with consideration of impact on societies, environment, morals & sense of humanity
      - (Rheingold) Requires more than just single-stakeholder ‘problem-solution’ approach; Requires stakeholders with different approaches working together to solve the problem
  - - - Newspapers
      - Magazines
    - - Social media
        
        Facebook, Instagram
        
        Youtube
      - Other user-contributed platforms
        
        E.g. Wordpress/ other blogs, About.me
      - Media agencies
        
        News agencies e.g. CNN, New York Times
      - Podcasts, Vodcasts
    - - Television
      - Radio
- - - - & predatory inclusion- a process wherein lenders and financial actors offer needed services to marginalized households e.g. blacks, low-income but on exploitative terms that limit or eliminate their long-term benefits
    - - Can offer a unifying vision for different experiences.
      - Other times, can lead to limited reproductive cooperation. Those in power often determine which worlds and cultural values are reinforced at large.
  - - - Digital editing
      - Storyboarding - as both a metaphor and a practice for building contextual constructions coded with social difference in mind;
        
        like how one organizes and represents all of the pieces of a particular narrative.
- - - - Elements of Emergent Strategy
        
        Interdependence & Decentralization (of power)
        
        Rethink traditional 'hierarchies' in pushing for innovative change
        
        Resilience and Transformative justice
        
        May require systemic change over direct, surface-level changes
        
        Nonlinear and Iterative ( gradual constant change/ improvement of various parts, may not be in sequential order)
        
        Adaptative
        
        Fractal- E.g. Through simple, e.g. personal interactions first to affect larger scale change
        
        Collaboration between different stakeholders/ elements; working on shared network of resources
        
        Spearheaded by community members directly affected by the issue/ injustice- according to communal vision
        
        Build relationships with groups we respect, to
        lay the groundwork for being called to frontline work
        
        Creating more Possibilities
    - - Align our behavior, structures and our movements with our visions of justice and liberation
      - Opportunities for us co-creating the future to work with each other and embody the things we fight for—dignity, collective power, love, generative conflict, and community
        
        Working through multiple possibilities instead of just one path, all to achieve brilliance
        
        Fighting against stagnation, top-down programmes, those merely driven by money
      - To 'Dream/ Imagine' and 'Wonder' when taking up emergent strategies to affect critical change (influenced by Butler too)
  - - - Any member of the public has agency to post and spread messages online
    - - Radio
      - Television
        
        Agency owned only by those in positions of authority i.e. Government/ Media to dictate information that is disseminated
    - - Newspapers & magazines
        
        Agency owned only by those in positions of authority i.e. Government/ Media to dictate information that is disseminated
      - Books
        
        Agency owned by publishers - often dictated by commercial interests
        
        Non-governmental agencies may also have some agency to publish books advocating their social agendas
- - - - Phases
        
        Inspiration: Understanding the problem, question, or situation
        -> draw inspiration from it
        
        Empathy: Relating to the wants or needs of those connected to the problem e.g. users’ needs, problems + insights
        
        Ideation: By challenging assumptions and creating ideas for innovative solutions
        
        Supports divergent thinking- Approaches that encourage people to brainstorm and think outside of the box
        
        & Convergent thinking- Approaches to choose the best out of available options that work toward a common goal.
        
        The solution-generation process helps produce ideas that reflect the genuine constraints and facets of that particular problem
        
        Implementation & Prototyping: Concretizes the results from the ideation process and offers an object, artifact, or example product that can be tested, evaluated, shared, and refined.
        
        Testing: Testing the prototype & its applicability in various contexts; for improvement
      - Practices
        
        Retrograde Analysis: Practice of looking backwards to look/plan ahead.
        
        E.g. Encourage us to learn from history as we work to create a better future
      - Elements
        
        Iterative & not always sequential- do not have to follow any specific order of stages, can often occur in parallel and repeat iteratively.
        
        Involves outside-the-box thinking approach- challenging or falsify previous assumptions to prove their validity
        
        Integrates holistic user-centered perspective with rational and analytical research
        
        User-centered: to create innovative solutions
        containing emotional meaning as well as functionality
        
        Interested in the context in which users operate and the problems and obstacles they might face when interacting with a product
        
        With foundation in scientific thinking & rationality- falsifying assumptions & selecting the best solution out of few possible solutions
        
        But also include ambiguous elements of the problem to reveal previously unknown parameters and uncover alternative strategies.
        
        Intuitive too .e. Considering emotions, needs, motivations, and drivers of behaviors.
  - - - Critical Imagination: key anchor underlying different facets of digital literacy, tool for conceptualizing cultural change.
    - - Improve products by analyzing and understanding how users interact with products and investigating the conditions in which they operate.