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SCIENCE, ψ(._. )> Hi bRE, bre calm down- - Coggle Diagram
SCIENCE
Ray Model of Light
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When light is blocked by an opaque object, a shadow is formed. The shadow takes the shape of the ibject that is blocking the path of light.
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Plane mirrors
-The image is upright
-The image and the object are the same size
-The image is virtual
-The distance between the object and the mirror and the distance between the image and the mirror are the same
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Convex Mirrors
-Surface that bends outwards
-Covers a wider field of vision
-The image formed is smaller
-The image fromed is virtual
-The image formed is distorted
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When the light ray is travelling from a less dense medium to a denser medium, the light ray bends towards the normal.
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When the light ray is travelling from a dense medium to a less dense medium, it bends away from the normal.
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When a beam of white light travels through a prism, it is split into different colours. This is because the different colours of white light bend towards the normal at different angles.
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Atoms and Molecules
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Subatomic Particles
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Electrons
Found around the nucleus, moving in fixed orbits
We can use the mass number and the atomic number to find out the number of neutrons in an atom. (Mass no. - Atomic number = Number of neutrons)
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Chemical formula: Tells us the types of atoms and the number of each type of atom in one molecule of substance
Separation Techniques
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Paper Chromatography
Used to separate small amounts of substances from mixtures based on the different solubilities of the components in a particular solvent
Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
-Responsible for cell reproduction
-Controls all cell activities including repair of worn-out parts
-Keeps the cell alive
-Contains genectic materials called chromosomes
Chromosomes
-Contains genes that carry genectic informtion that determine heridity
-Passed down from parents to offsping
Cytoplasm
-Contains chemicals and organels that carry out specific functions
-Serves as a site where chemical reacions take place
Vacuole
-Found within the cytoplasm
-Contains other nutrients and water for needed for the cell to survive
-Usually small, numerous and temporary in an animal cell
-Usually a single lage space surrounded by a membrane in a plant cell
Cell Membrane
-Thin membrane surrounding the cell
-Partially permeable structure that allows only certain small substances to pass through
-Controls substances entering or leaving a cell
Plant Cell
Chloroplasts
-Contains green pigment called chlorophyll that is needed to absorb energy from the sun to make food through the process called photosynthesis
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Cell Wall
-Thick layer surrounding the cell
-Gives the cell a regular shape
-Made up of a type of carbohydrate called cellulose
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