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Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling (POLC) - Coggle Diagram
Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling (POLC)
Planning
Concerned with ends (goals) and means (strategy)
Establishes a strategy to achieve goals
Why plan?
Establishes goals and standards used for controlling
Provides direction
Minimises waste
Reduces uncertainty
Types of plan
Defines organisational goals
**Goals (ends)
Desired outcomes
Stated vs real
Provide direction
Plans (strategies)
Documents how to achieve goals
Provides a map
Organising
Elements of organising
Span of control
Centralisation/de-centralisation
Chain of Command
Formalisation
Departmentalisation
Work specialisation
Types of Organisation
Organic
Free flow of information
Cross hierarchical teams
Low formalisation
Decentralised
Mechanistic
High chain of command
Narrow spans of control
High specialisation
Centralised
High formalisation
Leading
Leader
someone who can influence others
may not possess managerial authority
all managers should be leaders
Leadership
influencing a group to achieve goals
Leadership Theories
Trait theories
Leaders are born and cannot be trained
Behavioural theories
Duality of leadership: focus on task vs. focus on people
Leadership is more than possessing a few generic traits
Contingency theory
‘read’ and ‘adapt’ to situational circumstances
as important
Combines other theories together
Controlling