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Key Classical Empires Pre-1200 - Coggle Diagram
Key Classical Empires Pre-1200
Persian Empire
Founded by Cyrus the Great, the Persian King
Was also called " Achaemenid
550 - 330 BCE
Darius the 1st / Xerxes / Cyrus the Great ruled as divine monarchs - this means that god appointed them to be king; in Egypt, the Pharoah was considered a living god
Persians, Chinese, Romans, and Mauryan united competing states into a unified political entity
From Eastern Europe to the Indus River
Person culture dominated in the capital of Persepolis
Developed a Centralized Administration to rule over 35 million people - Regional Governors called satraps
Bureaucracy of administrators, tax collectors, record keepers, and translators
Standardized coins, build roads, and had a mailing service
Allowed conquered peoples to maintain their local customs and religions
Hellenistic Period
Alexander the Great was the Kingof Greece, Persia, Central Asia, and the Punjab region
Upon his death Hellenistic states controlled the region from the 4th to the last century BCE
His last words as he was asked who will take control he stated " The strongest will control"
Cities conquered were set up to have Greek Culture, architecture, and populated with libraries
When Romans marched into Alexandria they burned down the major library :
Alexander the Great was a Macedonian
Roman Republic
Rome blossomed as a Powerhouse
It began to focus on conquering modern day Spain and Gaul (France) before it began to conquer Greek colonies
500 - 31BCE
Series of wars with Carthage (Punic Wars), in which they completely eradicated it. Turn sights to Greece and ended the Hellenistic period by 31 BCE
Eradicated Carthage by destroying their crops and pouring salt on the land to make it barren
Roman Empire
Rome expanded to become a military based empire
Poor soldiers were rewarded with looting and promises of land conquered upon retirement
Large estates and political positions were give to the elites
Roman Citizenship was offered to those conquered or more independent status as allies
Rome maintained centralized administration, government, with local governors, roads, and currency
Forts and supplies were established to protect and feed /fund the armies and continue to conquer
27 BCE - 476 CE
The Roman Empire fell due to growing to large and not being able to maintian
Rome built a series of interconnected roads that still exist today
China
Zhou Dynasty began to weaken while larger states took over
Shi moved aristocrats or elites from other states to the central imperial city of Chang'an
Shi pushed back the pastoralist of Xiongnu of the steppes, and mobilized peasants to erect the Great Wall of China
Shi also setup the Legalism system, which had clear written rules and harsh punishment to enhance the authority of the states
Warring States Period - conflicts, famine, chaos, and disease
475 - 221 BCE
The Mandate of Heaven also led to changes because the Zhou Dynasty lost their Mandate
Shi Huangdi of Qin unified China, set up effective bureaucracy, roads, current, and a written language