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1.1 What is Biotechnology? - Coggle Diagram
1.1 What is Biotechnology?
Definition:
The use of organisms or biological processes or systems to produce products that will enhance the lives of a group of people
Key People in Biotechnology
Karl Ereky,
a Hungarian Engineer coined the term Biotechnology in
1919
. He
defined as
"the production of products from raw materials using living organisms"
Edward Jenner,
Father of Immunology
, developed vaccine for small pox in
1796
using cowpox
G. Mendel
Father of Genetics
used pea plants to study dominant and recessive genes
Hippocrates,
was considered the
Father of Modern Medicine
used willow bark as a medicine
Alexander Fleming
developed antibiotics in 1928, first being penicillium notatum (fungus)
1950s - 1970s saw the boom in DNA research,
After 1970
is considered the
time of Modern Biotechnology,
what was defined as the manipulation of genetic information in organisms or genetic engineering
Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-DNA)
Selective Breeding
- organisms with desirable traits were mated to produce offspring with the same desirable traits (10,000 BCE)
Fermentation
- making of wine and fermented drinks; like S. cervevisiae: yeast which is a unicellular fungus C6H12O6 goes to C2H5OH + CO2 (ethanol) (2000 BCE)
Remedies
use of natural plants like
Hippocrates
Vaccines
(1796)
E. Jenner
used knowledge of cowpox to create a vaccine to stop small pox
Antibiotics
(1928) A. Fleming used fungus to develop first antibiotic - penicillim
Modern Biotechnology (Post 1970s)
Bioremediation
(oil eating microorganisms)
Energy Productions
(Biofuels)
Forensics
(DNA fingerprinting)
Biopharmaceuticals
(human insulin called Humulin) and Pulmozyme - enzymes used to treat cystic fibrosis)
Agriculture
(BT Crops (cotton, corn, soybeans) which are pest resistance) and Golden Rice (vitamin enriched rice, but the public did not like and called Franken Food)
Medicine
(Genetic Testing, Models to study like the "Casper" fish that was transparent Zebra Fish). Used to study cancer and stem cells