Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 2: Major theories for understanding Human Development,…
-
Psychoanalytic theory
Piagets theory
-
Piaget focused on how equilibrium is achieved with the environment through the formation of schemes (the structure or organization of action in thought) and operations (the mental manipulation of schemes and concepts) that form systematic, logical structures for comprehending and analyzing experience, and on how equilibrium is achieved within the schemes and operations themselves.
Piaget’s theory describes the path in the development of cognition from direct action on objects in infancy to mental actions (operations) and the relationships among mental operations in adolescence.
4 stages
sensorimotor intelligence , begins at birth and lasts until approximately 18 months of age
preoperational thought , begins when the child learns a language and ends at about age 5 or 6.
children develop the tools for representing schemes symbolically through language, imitation, imagery, symbolic play, and symbolic drawing.
knowledge tied to their perceptions
concrete operational thought , begins at about age 6 or 7 and ends in early adolescence, around age 11 or 12.
-
final stage of cognitive development, formal operational thought , begins in adolescence and persists through adulthood.
-
characterized by the formation of increasingly complex sensory and motor schemes that allow infants to organize and exercise some control over their environment.
helps us understand cognition and influenced the understanding the reasoning capacities of infant and children
the theory suggests that cognition has its base in the biological capacities of the human infant—that knowledge is derived from action
-
-
-
focused on what he believed to be universal processes and stages in the maturation of cognition from infancy through adolescence.
5 components:motivation and behavior, domains of consciousness, the structure of personality, stages of development, defense mechanisms
motivation and behavior - Freud all motivation is motivated, unconscious and conscious motivate behavior
psychoanalytic theory focuses on the impact of sexual and aggressive drives on the individual’s psychological functioning.
A unique feature of psychoanalytic theory is the importance placed on childhood experiences for shaping adult thoughts and behavior. The theory focuses on both normative and pathological patterns of growth and development that result from the socialization pressures that act on biologically based drives.
-