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Ética (moral philosophy) https://iep.utm.edu/ethics/ - Coggle Diagram
Ética (moral philosophy)
https://iep.utm.edu/ethics/
Involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
Ramas
Metaethics
Investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean. Are they merely social inventions? Do they involve more than expressions of our individual emotions? Metaethical answers to these questions focus on the issues of universal truths, the will of God, the role of reason in ethical judgments, and the meaning of ethical terms themselves.
Normative ethics
Takes on a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. This may involve articulating the good habits that we should acquire, the duties that we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior on others.
Virtue theories
places less emphasis on learning rules of conduct, and instead stresses the importance of developing good habits of character, such as benevolence
Platon
Aristóteles
Alasdaire MacIntyre
Duty theories
Base morality on specific, foundational principles of obligation. These theories are sometimes called deontological, from the Greek word deon, or duty. Also sometimes called nonconsequentialist since these principles are obligatory, irrespective of the consequences that might follow from our actions.
Teorías
Samuel Pufendorf's
Teoría de los derechos
Naturales
Iguales
Universales
Inalienables
Locke
Kant
Imperativo categórico
W.D. Ross
Prima facie duties
Consequentialist theories
Correct moral conduct is determined solely by a cost-benefit analysis of an action’s consequences: Consequentialism: An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable. Sometimes called teleological theories
Ethical Egoism: an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable only to the agent performing the action.
Ethical Altruism: an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the agent.
Utilitarianism: an action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone.
Autores
John Stuart Mill
Bentham
George Edward Moore
Tipos
Act-utilitarianism
Rule-utilitarianism
Hedonistic utilitarianism
Ideal utilitarianism
Preference utilitarianism
Applied ethics
involves examining specific controversial issues, such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war. By using the conceptual tools of metaethics and normative ethics
Generally speaking, two features are necessary for an issue to be considered an “applied ethical issue.”
First
, the issue needs to be controversial in the sense that there are significant groups of people both for and against the issue at hand. The
second
requirement for an issue to be an applied ethical issue is that it must be a distinctly moral issue.
"Podría" clasificarse
Medical ethics
Business ethics
Environmental ethics
Sexual ethics