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General nature of grammar - Coggle Diagram
General nature of grammar
What is grammar and where is it?
Where is it?
Discourse of speech community
Grammar books
In the head of fluent user of a language
What is?
The system and structure of a language
Structural Grammar
Founded by Ferdinand de Saussure
A body of concepts and terminology was developed
Units of grammar
Sentence
Phrase
Word
Morpheme
Syntax and syntactic processes
Comunicative Grammar
In 1975 "A Communicative Grammar Of Enlgish" was published based on this new theory
Divided in two parts
"Grammar in use"
"Grammatical compendium"
Some distinctive features of English grammar
Very general and some very specific features
English has few grammatical words forms or inflections
English has rather a lot of irregular forms
Word order
Ways of looking at grammar
The structure of sentence
Words
Phrases
Communication situations
In term of how forms/sructures relate to "notions"
Other insights: Procedural Grammar
In 1983, A. Pawley and F.H Syder published "Two puzzles for linguistic theory: nativelike selection and nativelike fluency"
The puzzles are: How do we process language in speech
So lightning-fast
Accurately and appropriately
Is essencially in the minds and verbal behavour
Transformational-Generative Grammar
Noam Chomsky began to develop a theory of grammar
Using a number of explcit rules
With a set of active-to-passive transformation rules
Learning and teaching grammar
Help other learners notice grammar for themselves
Don't protect learners from grammar; expose them to it
Teach grammar largely
Grammar should be taught and learned in different ways
Work patiently and persistently at grammar
Traditional Grammar and its legacy
Origin in Greek philosophy and classical European education
Terminology
Parts of sentence
Grammar rules and processes
Parts of speech
