Mitosis and Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Cell cycle
The replication of the chromosome material and the production of two genetically identical nuclei in and from one parent cell.
An ordered sequence of events in the life of a dividing cell, composed of the M, G1,S, and G2 phases. Mitosis occurs during the M phase.
The cycle
Interphase
Interphase occurs for the longest period of time during the cell cycle.
DNA and chromosomes are duplicated in the nucleus.
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
The long thin chromosomes become thicker and shorter. Each chromosome now appears as a doubled structure joined at a centromere.
Centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of the cell (there are no centrioles in plant cells)
Nuclear envelope breaks down and cytoplasmic fibers stretch from centriole to centriole.
The double chromosomes line up along the middle cell.
Cytoplasmic fibers now are attached to each doubled chromosome at the centromere.
Anaphase
The doubled chromosomes separate.
The new chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the cytoplasmic fibers.
Telophase
Now the separated chromosomes approach the opposite ends of the cell and group together.
A new nuclear envelope is formed around the chromosomes.
The cytoplasm begins to divide and a new cell membrane forms. (In plant cells a new cell wall is laid down between the two new cells.)
Two new diploid daughter cells are formed.
Cytokinesis
Divides the cytoplasm into two cells and completes a full stage of the cell cycle.