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Reactions Organic Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Reactions Organic Chemistry
Alkanes (single bond)
Combustion (tipo depende de quanto O2)
Complete Combustion (yield CO2)
Incomplete combustion (yield CO ou C)
Substition with free radical (Halogen substitutes Hydrogen in homologous series)
UV Light is necessary
Reaction mechanism
Intiation
Propagation
Termination
Removes radicals from reaction by making them react with one another
Makes continuous reactions using and producing radicals
UV light breaks Halogen atoms and forms 2 Halogen radicals
Loss of colour
Alkenes (double bonds)
Addition
Addition of H2
Transform Alkenes in Alkanes by breaking double bond and adding H2
Production of margarine
Transfat may be dangerous (produced by hydrogenation)
Addition of Water
Converts Alkene into Alchool
Addition of H2SO4 and then quickly hydrolysis, replacing HSO4- with OH-
Production of Ethanol
H2SO4 used as a catalysis
Addition of Halogens
Addition of halogen halides
Breaks double bond and 2 same elements attach to Carbons
Addition of halogens that are not halides
Breaks double bond and 2 different elements attach to carbon
Room temperature
Loss of colour
Polymerization
Large molecule with repeating unit
Only with Alkenes because they do addition reaction more easily
Bond is broken with quite ease
Can form - Alkanes, Dihalogenoalkane and Polymers
Alcohols
Combustion
Complete combustion will yield CO2
Lots of energy
Incomplete combustion will yield CO
Oxidation
Oxides only the carbon attached to the Alchool, the carbon chain remains intact
If Alcohol is
primary
--> product is
Aldehyde
and later
Carboxylic acid
In order to obtain Aldehyde, distillation is used
In order to obtain Carboxylic acid, leave the Aldehyde in contact with the oxidizing agent for more time (reflux)
Needs Heat + Acidic oxidizing agent ( Potassium Dichromate)
If Alcohol is
secondary
in oxidation reaction --> product is
Ketone
and H20
If the Alcohol is
tertiary
, there will be no
reaction
The oxidizing agent required is acidified Dichromium Potassium
(K2Cr2O7)
Condensation/Esterification
Alchool + Carboxylic acids = Ester + Water
Benzene
Is a Eletrophilic substitution
Halogenoalkanes
Is a Nucleophilic substitution