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Comprog Prelim 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - hardware
        
        physical equipment that make up a computer system
        
        eg: monitor, cpu, keyboard
      - software
        
        intangible element composed of programs that instruct the computer what to do
        
        eg: MS word, Windows, C, Java, VB
      - peopleware
        
        people who work with computers and use the information generated by the computer
        
        eg: students, programmer, system analyst
  - - - Input
        
        there are zero or more quantities which are externally supplied
      - output
        
        at least one quantity is produced
      - definiteness
        
        each instruction must be clear and ambiguous
      - finiteness
        
        if we trace the instruction of an algorithm, then for all cases, the algorithm will terminate after a finite number of steps
      - effectiveness
        
        every transaction must be sufficiently basic that it can in principle be carried out by a person using only pencil and paper.
        
        it is not enough that each operations be definite but it must also be feasible.
  - - - 1.data
      - instruction for manipulating the data
    - - define the problem
        
        it requires clear statement of what the problem is all about
      - plan the solution
        
        uses flowcharts in planning the solution
      - code the program
        
        changing the solution into computer language
      - test the program
        
        involves desk-checking, translating and debugging
        
        desk-checking: proof-reading by checking the logic of the program to ensure that it has no errors.
        
        Translating: (1) checks syntax of the program (2) transform the program in a form the computer can understand
        
        debugging: process of detecting, locating, and correcting mistakes by running the program
      - document the program
        
        making a written detailed description of the program
        
        includes:
        
        logic tools
        
        capabilities and limitations of the program
        
        complete listing of the instructions
        
        testing results
  - - - vocabulary(set of symbols and words)
      - syntax (rules)
      - semantics ( meaning)
    - - Low level language
        
        requires programmers to have a good understanding of the underlying hardware for which the program are intended to run
        
        A. machine language
        
        define in binaries
        
        B. Assembly language
        
        uses mnemonics
        
        accomplish by a program known as Assembler
      - High level language
        
        exhibits portability
        
        quasi-english
        
        does not require programmers to know the actual computer hardware
    - - translates the entire source code program before execution
    - - translates source code program, one line at a time
      - more interactive than compilers