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WQ3.5Parameter Estimates - Coggle Diagram
WQ3.5Parameter Estimates
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no single choice of buildup function or parameter values (for specific pollutant and land use), universally
data from the literature can help determine representative estimates, no substitute for field data collected for the site in question
discussion follows, presents sources of buildup data from studies, mainly in the 1970’s or earlier
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Amy et al. (1974) ——provide a summary of data available in 1974——with extensive data tabulations
Lager et al. (1977) ——provide a similar summary as of 1977——without the extensive data tabulations
Manning et al. (1977) ——perhaps the most comprehensive summary of surface accumulation and pollutant fraction data is provided;
Manning et al. (1977) ——many problems and facets of sampling and measurements are also discussed.
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For instance, some data are obtained by sweeping, others by flushing;
the particle size characteristics and degree of removal from the street surface differ for each method.
McElroy et al. (1976), Heaney et al. (1977) and Huber et al. (1981a)——
references on loading functions, from which surface accumulation data may be gleaned, somewhat less directly .
since the 1970s, no studies, pollutant accumulation has been measured directly
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Manning et al. (1977) ——perhaps the best summary of linear buildup rates, presented in Table 3-5
noted, dust and dirt buildup varies considerably, among three different studies
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apparent,
a large number of constituents have been sampled,
little distinction can be made on the basis of land uses for most of them
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As an example, suppose DD is to be simulated as a co-pollutant and values are taken for commercial land use and from the “All Data” row in Table 3-5.
Since the data are given as lb · curb-mile-1 · day-1, linear buildup is assumed and for commercial land use DD buildup (average for all data) is 116 lb/(curb-mile – day).
Converting from pounds to milligrams (453,592 mg/lb) and mile to 1000-ft (5.28 1000-ft/mi) yields KB = 9.97 x 106 mg/1000-ft-day in Equation 3-1a, and of course, NB = 1. Constituent fractions are available from the table.
for instance
BOD5 as a fraction of DD for commercial land use would be 7.19 mg/g (or 0.00719 as a SWMM Co-fraction)
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36,900 MPN/g for fecal coliforms (36.9 MPN/mg as a SWMM input co-fraction)
direct loading rates, computed for each constituent as an alternative
For instance, for BOD5, the linear buildup rate would equal 9.97 x 106 · 0.00719 = 3,800 mg / (1000-ft curb - day).