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CH 5 Membrane Dynamics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - some molecules can cross it while others can't
    - - can vary
    - - Impermeable
      - Freely Permeable
        
        molecules that can easily move through the membrane
        
        Oxygen
        
        Carbon Dioxide
        
        Lipids
      - Selectively Permeable- restrict movement of some molecules
      - Factors
        
        Lipid Solubility
        
        Electrical Charge
        
        Molecule Shape
        
        Molecule Size
  - - - molecules diffuse through lipid bilayer with a protein carrier channel
      - Molecules move with the concentration gradient (high to low concentration
      - No ATP
      - Types of Passive Transport
        
        Diffusion
        
        molecules move from an area of high to low concentration
        
        Types
        
        Simple Diffusion- no membrane involved
        
        Dialysis- diffusion of solutes across cell membranes
        
        Osmosis- diffusion of water across cell membranes
        
        random molecular motion due to thermal energy in the molecules
        
        Properties
        
        Facilitated Diffusion
        
        movement of molecules across cell membranes to respond to a concentration gradient with the aid of a membrane protein
        
        affected by
        
        size
        
        interaction with channel
        
        charge
    - - Requires a membrane protein to carry materials
      - molecule moves against the concentration gradient.
      - Uses ATP
      - Types of Active Transport
        
        Primary(direct) Active Transport
        
        uses ATPases
        
        ex) Na-K pump in the nerve tract/impulse; 3 sodiums coming out and 2 potassium atoms coming in with use of ADP and ATP
        
        Secondary (Indirect) Active Transport
        
        uses kinetic energy of one molecule moving down its concentration gradient
        
        pushes other molecules against their concentration gradient
        
        ex) transport systems driven by a sodium concentration gradient
  - - - makes water channels between intracellular and extracellular compartments
      - Pore in the cell
    - - membrane protein binds to the substrates but doesn't connect with the ICF and ECF
        
        Types
        
        Symport Carrier
        
        membrane transport protein that moves two or more molecules across the cell membrane in the same direction
        
        Antiport
        
        membrane transport protein that moves two or more molecules across the cell membrane in the opposite direction
        
        Uniport
        
        membrane transport protein that moves one molecule across the cell membrane
- - - - helps to estimate a person's water content
        
        ex)1 kg decrease in body weight is 1 liter loss of body fluid
  - - - concentration of solut is equal between two solutions
        
        water remains constant
        
        cell retains normal volume
    - - solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside
        
        water moves out of the cell
        
        cell shrivels and shrinks
    - - solute concentration is lower inside the cell than outside
        
        water will move into the cell
      - Hemolysis- cell swells and bursts
  - - - Penetrating Solutes
        
        solute freely crosses the cell membrane
      - Nonpenetrating Solutes
        
        solutes that can't cross the cell membrane
        
        Most important nonpenetrating solute
        
        Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
        
        unable to enter the cell
        
        affects water movement by the solute's concentration that pulls water into or out of the cell.
    - - Nonpenetrating solute concentration is lowerin the cell
        
        net movement into the water, making it shrink
      - Nonpenetrating solute concentration is equal in both the cell and solute
        
        no net movement of water, cell is healthy
      - Nonpentrating solute concentration is higher in the cell than the solution
        
        net movement of water into the cell, making it swell