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Chapter 3: Biopsychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Dominant allele, allele whoose phenotype will be expressed. Recessive allele is a hidden
      - Homozygous: two copies of the same allele Heterozgous: combination of alleles
- - - - the terminal buttons contain synaptic vesicles that house neurotransmitter, the chemical messengers of the nervous system
    - - gaps in the myelin shealth are known as the Nodes of Ranvier
- - - - Somatic Nervous system is associated with voluntary activities
        
        efferent means "moving away from"
        
        afferent means " moving toward"
      - Autonomic Nervous System controls internal organs and glands and aren't voluntary
        
        Sympathetic nervous system is involved in perparing the body for stress-related activities
        
        Parasympathetic Nervous System is associated with returning the body to routine, day to day stuff
        
        Homeostasis is the state of balance
        
        Fight or flight response, allows the body to access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that it might fight off a threat or run away to safety
- - - - folds or bumps are knwon as gyri
      - Grooves are know as sulci
  - - - frontal lobe is located in the front of the brain
        
        reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language
        
        Motor cortex which involved in planning and coordinating movement
        
        Prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher-level congitive functioning
        
        Broca's Area which is essentail for language production
      - Parietal lobe is located after the frontal lobe, and it involved in the processing information from the body's senses
      - Temoral lobe is located on the side of the head
        
        hearing, memory, emtion, and some aspects of language
        
        Auditory, the main area for processing auditory information
        
        Wernick's area is important for speech comprehension
      - Occipital lobe is located at the very back of the brain, and contains the primary visual cortex (visual)
    - - Thalamus is a sensory relay for the brain
      - Limbic System is involved in processing both emotion and memory
        
        Hippocampus: learning and memory
        
        Amygdala: emotion, and emtional meaning to memories
        
        Hypothalamus regulates tem., appetite, and blood pressure
  - - - Reticular Formation is important regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alrthness and motor activity
      - Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental area (VTA) produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and are critical for movement
    - - Medulla controls the breathing, blood pressure and heart rate
      - Pons serves to connect the hindbrain to the rest of the brain
      - Cerebellum receives messages from the muscles, joints, and structure in our ear to control balance, movement and motor skills
  - - - Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person'r body or brain
      - Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scans create pictures of the living, active brain
    - - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a person is placed inside a machine that generates a strong magnetic field
      - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) shows the changes in brain activity over time by tracking blood flow and oxygen levels.
    - - Electroncephalography (EEG) provides a measure of a brain's electrical activity
- - - - Diabetes: is where you don't produce enough insulin