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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 2 INSECURITY RISKS - Coggle Diagram
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 2 INSECURITY RISKS
Explosion in Combustible Dust
Qualitative Assessment of Risks
The term "powder" refers to solid matters divided into particles of
diameter less than 0.5mm
EXPLOSION OF COMBUSTIBLE DUST
• The calorific power.
• The speed of reaction.
• The volume of gases generated.
Risk Control
•
Conjunction
• Factors
• Start
• Spread
• Consequences
• Prevention
• Lucha
• Evaluation
Principios Generales de Prevención
The action on combustible dust as a preventive measure focuses on two major aspects that are analyzed below:
B) Transform the powder into fireproof. - Wet handling of dust.
-Inertization of dust.
A) Limit the existence of fuel - Scheduling periodic cleaning of workstations, cyclones, pipes, filters, etc.
Correctly design the pipes (aspirations, transport, etc.). - Maintenance to avoid leaks in pipes. - Localized aspiration at points where dust is generated
General Principles of Fight
Industrial operations require the movement of powders and it is inevitable that air suspensions will form.
1º Enclosures designed to be able to withstand the maximum explosion pressures (confining)
2º Disposición de elementos que evitan la propagación de la explosión a través suyo, incomunicando, (a efectos explosivos) diversas unidades de la planta.
3º Disposición en las superficies perimetrales de parámetros débiles que actúen como aliviadores de presión evitando su crecimiento.
4th Placement of devices that automatically detect the onset of the explosion and propel an extinguishing substance against the flame front, to extinguish it
FIRES
Fire Chemistry
Oxygen
HOT
GAS
Chain reaction.
FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS
Class A: Solid material fires are included, generally of an organic type, whose fuel normally has the formation of embers: wood, paper.
Class B: Liquid or solid fires are included, which by the action of heat become liquid, behaving as such and fatty solids: gasoline, oils.
Class C: Combustible gas fires are included: propane, butane, city gas
Class D: Or special, including in this classification those Fuels not included in the previous sections due to their special nature
Basic Principles of Extinguishing
DiluTion.
Suffocation.
cooling.
Chain reaction break.
Extinguishing agents
WATER
FOAM
CARBON ANHYDRIDE
DUST
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS.
Stages of a Fire
First Stage: It is in the incubation phase or in a latent state without producing visible fumes by the human eye, although the vertical rise of invisible ionized particles does occur. It can last from minutes to hours.
Second Stage: Visible fumes are produced as a result of the accumulation of particles that are released from combustion and that rise very quickly. This stage can also last hours or minutes, without the production of flame or appreciable heat.
Third Stage: Under favorable conditions of the existence of oxygen, flames develop very quickly, observing the release of infrared, ultraviolet and light rays. Its spread occurs in minutes or seconds.
Fourth Stage: A large amount of heat appears, with the production of smoke and toxic gases. Its development takes a matter of seconds, raising the heat to the upper parts.
WORK IN CONFINED SPACES
Work Places and Spaces
The design and construction characteristics of the workplaces will be such that they offer adequate security against risks.
Order and Ceanliness
The order is necessary to achieve a more efficient use of the available space, and it is always an important complement to the means of protection
Confined spaces
They are those spaces that are closed so that any dangerous air pollution present there cannot be avoided or eliminated through natural ventilation through the openings that exist.
Risks in Confined Spaces
• General risks, which will be generated regardless of the existing atmosphere
• Atmospheric risks, which are directly related to the atmosphere in the premises or work area
• Risks “of the people”, typical of the workers involved.
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Team work
• Access
• Fenced
• Sanitary facilities
• First aid
• Signaling
Hanging Scaffolds
Tower cranes
Machines - Tools in General
Provisional Facilities
Work in proximity to power lines
The minimum safety distance for work carried out in the vicinity of high voltage installations, in medium voltage
Preventive measures
• Installation of safety devices • Insulation of line conductors
• Withdrawal of the line or conversion to underground • Interposition of obstacles in the work area
Medidas de Información
• Signal lighting for night work • Red ribbons or flags. • Warning signs or maximum height indicators.
excavations
In excavations and in the work carried out there, the main danger comes from accidental movements of the ground that cause landslides.
Individual and Collective Protection Equipment
Protective Helmets
• Foot and Leg Protection
• Eye Protection
Hands Protection
Clothes Protection
• High Visibility Signage Clothing