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PUBLIC MANAGEMENT - BASIC CONCEPTS, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, EFFICIENCY AND…
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT - BASIC CONCEPTS
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORY OF ORGANIZATIONS
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
structure, management and control of the administration and the public sector
set of decisions aimed at motivating and coordinating people to achieve individual and collective goals and is public due to the nature of its purposes and the political-legal framework in which it operates.
The economy as a whole is a large organization, made up of people and organizations of a lower level, such as family businesses, private and public companies, unions, foundations, cooperatives, religious organizations, etc.
ATTRIBUTES OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OR ARCHITECTURE:
DISTRIBUTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AMONG THE MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION
CONTRACTUAL LINKS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFORMATION AND RESOURCE FLOWS WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION AND BETWEEN THESE AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
RELATIONSHIPS OF AUTHORITY, ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND SUPERVISORY AND CONTROL MECHANISMS
EXPLICIT RULES ON OBJECTIVES, DECISION-MAKING AND COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
MARKET FAILURES
TOTAL SOCIAL COSTS AND TOTAL SOCIAL BENEFITS
The private interest does not coincide with the social interest, therefore a market failure occurs
Public goods, produced by the government not by the market
Market failures appear when the conditions for perfect markets are not given
THE STATE AS AN ORGANIZATION
The constitution is the fundamental normative basis
Principle of legality that governs public officials is fundamental
THE FAILURES OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR
The failure of the nonprofit sector
INSUFFICIENCY
PARTICULARISM
PATERNALISM
AMATEURISM
RESTRICTIONS AND BASIC MODELS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
ELECTORAL PROCESS
BUDGET MANAGEMENT
THE CODING OF THE RULES AND THE PROCEDURE
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
STABILITY IN EMPLOYMENT
DISCRETION AND THE SECRET
THE AVERSION TO THE INITIATIVE
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY
PUBLIC EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Restructuring of the state sector, divestiture of public entities, aspects:
TRANSFER
LIQUIDATION
MERGER
SALE
also called privatizations
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Essential aspects:
FISCAL AND FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION
BUDGET FORMULAS
INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION
PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY PRODUCTION OF SERVICES
PUBLIC SPENDING AND EQUITY
EXPENDITURE MADE BY GOVERNMENTS THROUGH PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
It is executed through the `` budgets or economic programs of the governments
NET SPEND
TOTALITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR EXPENSES MINUS AMORTIZATIONS OF EXTERNAL DEBT
PRIMARY EXPENDITURE
DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE EXPENDITURES MADE FOR PAYMENTS OF INTEREST AND COMMISSIONS OF PUBLIC DEBT
PROGRAMMABLE SPEND
Use of political resources that are destined to fulfill and attend governmental functions and responsibilities, as well as to produce goods and create services
CURRENT EXPENDITURE
Main item of programmable expense. All the expenditures of the Powers and Autonomous Organ of the Public Administration are included, as well as the state companies required to carry out the operation of their programs.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
expenditures that contribute to expanding the social and productive structure, as well as increasing the assets of the public sector
THE INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE
PUBLIC LIABILITY
SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY
R, POLICY
R. PENAL
ADMINISTRATIVE OR DISCIPLINARY R.
CIVIL OR PATRIMONIAL R.
FISCAL R.
THE GOVERNMENT AND ITS AGENCIES
The state and its agencies are at the service of the people and their purpose is to promote the common good
THE INTERNAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION
It is essential that each of the state organizations know and understand their contribution in the interests of the common good
INSTRUMENTS FOR PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
PROVISION, FINANCING AND PRODUCTION OF PUBLIC SERVICES, TYPOLOGY.
FINANCING, REGULATION AND DESIGN OF SOCIAL POLICY, LEAVING THE PRIVATE SECTOR MORE SPACE FOR PROVISION
RESOURCE ALLOCATION CRITERIA
FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF PANAMA
USE OF DOLLAR
FINANCIAL INTEGRATION TO THE REST OF THE WORLD BY THE BANKING SYSTEM
AUTOMATIC BALANCE OF THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
THE BALANCE OF PUBLIC FINANCES MUST BE MAINTAINED TO GUARANTEE THE STABILITY OF THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANZATIVE REFORMS: QUASICOMPETITIVE MECHANISMS, MANAGEMENT, BUDGETARY RULES AND PRIVATIZATION
ARE GOVERNED BY CRITERIA OF SOCIAL INTEREST
PUBLIC SERVICES BY THEIR NATURE SHOULD NOT BE LIBERALIZED OR PRIVATIZED
STATE BUDGET
FUNCTION OF FORMAL AND ACCOUNTING CONTROL, AUTHORIZATION FOR THE USE OF RESOURCES, INSTRUMENT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICY, ALLOCATES RESOURCES AND IS A GOOD MANAGEMENT TOOL
DIRECT AND INDIRECT MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICES
DIRECT
THROUGH ITS ENTITIES OR BODIES
STATE-RELATED EXPENSES
HINT
THROUGH OTHER ENTITIES THAT DO NOT HAVE THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES RELATED TO THE WORK, SALARIES AND OTHER COSTS TO MANAGE THE WORK
TYPES OF INNOVATIONS IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INNOVATION LEVELS
FUNCTIONAL
ESTRUCTURAL
ESTRUCTURAL
RELATIONAL
EVALUATION OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
TYPOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND MANAGEMENT STYLE
FORMAL ORGANIZATION
MECHANISM OR STRUCTURE THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO WORK TOGETHER IN AN EFFICIENT WAY
O. INFORMAL
INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE REACTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS TO THE ORG. FORMAL
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
GROUPS OF PEOPLE FORMALLY CONSTITUTED TO REACH WITH MORE EFFICIENCY CERTAIN COMMON OBJECTIVES THAT THEY MAY NOT REACH INDIVIDUALLY
MEASUREMENT OF THE OUTPUT OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
EVALUATION OF PUBLIC INVESTMENT PROJECTS
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS AS A GENERAL APPROACH
Cost-benefit analysis is a process that, in a general way, refers to the evaluation of a certain project, a scheme to make decisions of any kind. ... It aims to determine the suitability of a project from the costs and benefits derived from it.
Fundamentals of Cost Benefit Analysis
It is usually agreed that the economic evaluation of health programs is based on the principles of Well-being Economics, a part of economic science in charge of offering criteria for making social or collective decisions. However, there is a specific approach in the setting of health priorities, known as extra-welfarism, which challenges the traditional assumptions of the Welfare Economy, postulating different foundations. In the following pages, although we will briefly explain what this latter approach consists of, our discussion will focus on the description of the widely accepted approach to Welfare Economics.
EXTERNAL EFFECTS DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN PRIVATE AND SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS
An externality is a situation in which the costs or benefits of producing or consuming some good or service are not reflected in its market price. In other words, externalities are those activities that affect others without them paying for them or being compensated. There are externalities when private costs or benefits are not equal to social costs or benefits. The two most important types are external economies (positive externality) or external diseconomies (negative externalities) .1 Better clarification: an externality is the «Negative or positive effect of the production or consumption of some agents on the production or consumption of others, for which no payment or collection is made ».2
VALIDITY OF THE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS