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Glenohumeral (GH) joint, Coracoacromial arch (suprahumeral arch), GH…

- - - - The concavity of the glenoid fossa is increased by the articular cartilage (thin in the middle and thicker on the periphery)
        
        Very congruent joint
        
        The articular surface of humeral head is larger than that of the glenoid fossa
        
        In anatomical position
        
        Head will face medially, superiorly and posterior to the shaft and condyles of the humerus
- - - - Increases concavity by 50%
        
        A fibrocartilagenous ring
        
        Functions include
        
        Resistance to humeral head translations
        
        Protection of bony edges of the labrum
        
        Reduction of joint friction
        
        Dissipation of joint contact forces
        
        Attachment site for
        
        Glenohumeral ligament
        
        Tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
- - - - A thin fibrous capsule that includes the superior,
        middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments.
      - This relatively loose capsule attaches between the rim of the glenoid fossa and the anatomic neck of the humerus
      - the superior,middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments are thickened regions within the capsule itself
    - - 2 bands: edge of the supraspinatus to greater tubercle and subscapularis to lesser tubercle
      - It helps limit the extremes of external rotation,
        flexion, and extension, as well as inferior displacement of the humeral head
    - - Dynamic reinforcement provided by the rotator cuff muscles and the tendons blend into the capsule
- - - - located deep to the deltoid and acromion, and superficial to the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule. The subacromial bursa reduces friction beneath the deltoid, promoting free motion of the rotator cuff tendons. Subacromial bursitis (i.e. inflammation of the bursa) can be a cause of shoulder pain.
    - - Subacromial bursa and Subdeltiod bursa can be
        separate or joined to form one Subacromial bursa
        
        Reduces friction to permit smooth gliding between
        humerus and the supraspinatus tendon and the
        surrounding structures
        
        Subacromial bursitis is a secondary problem to
        inflammation of or degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon
        
        Can decrease the subacromial space
- - - - Major role of stability
        Resists inferior humeral head
    - - IGHLC
        active
        
        active
        Anterior band fans out to provide
        anterior joint stability and
        resistance to anterior humeral
        head translation
      - 90 degrees of Humeral Abduction and
        medial rotation
        
        IGHLC
        active
        
        Posterior band fans out to
        provide posterior joint stability
        and resistance to posterior
        humeral head translation
- - - - Inferior GH ligament:
        
        3 components and some times
        referred to as a Inferior GH ligament complex (IGHLC),
        anterior, axillary, and posterior ligament bands
        
        Each ligaments contributes differently to the GH stability
        
        SGHL- Anterior and inferior joint stability by limiting
        anterior and inferior translations of the humeral head when arm is at rest
      - runs oblique from superior anterior
        labrum to anterior aspect of the proximal humerus below the superior GH ligament